Table 2—— RR of cancer according to fasting and postload glucose in quartiles in the Västerbotten Intervention Project, northern Sweden
|
1 (referent) |
2 |
3 |
4 |
Ptrend* |
|
| Women |
|
|
|
|
|
| All sites |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting glucose (n = 1,428)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No cases |
270 |
290 |
354 |
514 |
|
Rate |
458 |
430 |
473 |
587 |
|
RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.94 (0.79–1.11) |
1.03 (0.87–1.21) |
1.26 (1.09–1.47) |
<0.001 |
| Postload glucose (n = 1,328)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No cases |
261 |
267 |
345 |
455 |
|
| Rate |
430 |
460 |
474 |
549 |
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.09 (0.92–1.29) |
1.11 (0.95–1.31) |
1.31 (1.12–1.52) |
<0.001 |
| Breast |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 510)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.92 (0.70–1.21) |
1.03 (0.79–1.34) |
1.06 (0.82–1.37) |
0.454 |
| Postload (n = 479)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.93 (0.70–1.24) |
1.22 (0.95–1.59) |
1.20 (0.93–1.55) |
0.069 |
| Breast (aged <49 years) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 92)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.65 (0.26–1.5) |
1.88 (1.0–3.6) |
2.13 (1.2–4.1) |
0.002 |
| Postload (n = 88)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.02 (0.50–2.1) |
1.86 (1.1–3.5) |
1.37 (0.73–2.6) |
0.213 |
Breast (aged  49 years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 418)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.91 (0.69–1.2) |
0.94 (0.72–1.2) |
0.90 (0.68–1.2) |
0.492 |
| Postload (n = 391)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.01 (0.75–1.4) |
1.08 (0.81–1.4) |
1.23 (0.93–1.6) |
0.113 |
| Ovarian |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 90)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.39 (0.19–0.78) |
0.76 (0.42–1.35) |
0.89 (0.52–1.54) |
0.824 |
| Postload (n = 84)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.64 (0.32–1.23) |
0.71 (0.38–1.30) |
0.94 (0.53–1.65) |
0.955 |
| Endometrium |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 117)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.32 (0.73–2.46) |
1.16 (0.63–2.17) |
1.86 (1.09–3.31) |
0.019 |
| Postload (n = 109)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.37 (0.75–2.57) |
0.84 (0.44–1.61) |
1.82 (1.07–3.23) |
0.028 |
| Men |
|
|
|
|
|
| All sites |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting glucose (n = 1,241)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No cases |
257 |
265 |
289 |
430 |
|
| Rate |
454 |
436 |
452 |
475 |
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.99 (0.83–1.17) |
1.02 (0.86–1.21) |
1.08 (0.92–1.27) |
0.259 |
| Postload glucose (n = 1,150)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No cases |
248 |
246 |
281 |
375 |
|
| Rate |
477 |
437 |
446 |
458 |
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.93 (0.78–1.11) |
0.97 (0.82–1.16) |
0.98 (0.84–1.16) |
0.992 |
| Prostate |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 458)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.02 (0.77–1.35) |
0.97 (0.73–1.29) |
0.96 (0.74–1.26) |
0.713 |
| Postload (n = 425)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.83 (0.62–1.10) |
0.71 (0.53–0.95) |
0.79 (0.61–1.02) |
0.074 |
| Women and men combined |
|
|
|
|
|
| Stomach |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 71)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.99 (0.42–2.21) |
1.36 (0.70–2.73) |
1.46 (0.75–2.94) |
0.205 |
| Postload (n = 63)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.53 (0.74–3.22) |
1.35 (0.64–2.88) |
1.23 (0.59–2.63) |
0.717 |
| Colon |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 147)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.95 (0.55–1.62) |
0.90 (0.56–1.46) |
1.16 (0.74–1.85) |
0.470 |
| Postload (n = 138)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.13 (0.66–1.94) |
1.17 (0.70–1.97) |
1.23 (0.76–2.03) |
0.422 |
| Rectum |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 87)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.18 (0.59–2.32) |
0.99 (0.53–1.87) |
1.13 (0.62–2.12) |
0.782 |
| Postload (n = 82)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.63 (0.30–1.27) |
1.10 (0.61–2.01) |
0.90 (0.49–1.66) |
0.978 |
| Pancreas |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 62)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.19 (0.47–2.97) |
1.11 (0.49–2.59) |
2.49 (1.23–5.45) |
0.006 |
| Postload (n = 56)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.42 (0.16–0.97) |
0.57 (0.26–1.23) |
0.91 (0.47–1.78) |
0.910 |
| Kidney |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 44)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.35 (0.46–3.97) |
1.49 (0.60–4.02) |
2.08 (0.88–5.50) |
0.092 |
| Postload (n = 41)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.40 (0.49–4.27) |
1.97 (0.77–5.68) |
1.76 (0.69–5.06) |
0.247 |
| Urinary tract |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 97)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.05 (0.50–2.20) |
1.38 (0.75–2.61) |
1.69 (0.95–3.16) |
0.049 |
| Postload (n = 83)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.31 (0.72–2.40) |
0.85 (0.43–1.65) |
1.18 (0.65–2.17) |
0.781 |
| Respiratory tract |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 114)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.08 (0.58–1.98) |
0.83 (0.47–1.48) |
1.40 (0.85–2.38) |
0.178 |
| Postload (n = 104)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.88 (0.48–1.59) |
1.19 (0.68–2.06) |
1.13 (0.67–1.94) |
0.510 |
| Melanoma |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 92)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.41 (0.66–3.04) |
2.14 (1.15–4.24) |
2.16 (1.14–4.35) |
0.013 |
| Postload (n = 88)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
1.16 (0.59–2.30) |
1.50 (0.80–2.89) |
1.65 (0.89–3.17) |
0.086 |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fasting (n = 89)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
0.84 (0.42–1.64) |
0.99 (0.56–1.77) |
0.89 (0.49–1.62) |
0.786 |
| Postload (n = 77)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| RR (95% CI) |
1 |
3.06 (1.42–7.35) |
3.05 (1.42–7.30) |
2.53 (1.16–6.11) |
0.081 |
|
* Test for trend was performed using class medians as scores.
Directly standardized rate per 100,000 person-years.
Risk ratio estimated from Poisson model with likelihood ratio CIs. Risk was adjusted for age, calendar year, and smoking,
by including these covariates into the statistical model.