Diabetes Care
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Harris, M. I.
Right arrow Articles by Knuiman, M. W.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Harris, M. I.
Right arrow Articles by Knuiman, M. W.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?

Diabetes Care, Vol 15, Issue 7 815-819, Copyright © 1992 by American Diabetes Association

ARTICLES

Onset of NIDDM occurs at least 4-7 yr before clinical diagnosis

MI Harris, R Klein, TA Welborn and MW Knuiman
National Diabetes Data Group, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

OBJECTIVE--To investigate duration of the period between diabetes onset and its clinical diagnosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Two population-based groups of white patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) in the United States and Australia were studied. Prevalence of retinopathy and duration of diabetes subsequent to clinical diagnosis were determined for all subjects. Weighted linear regression was used to examine the relationship between diabetes duration and prevalence of retinopathy. RESULTS--Prevalence of retinopathy at clinical diagnosis of diabetes was estimated to be 20.8% in the U.S. and 9.9% in Australia and increased linearly with longer duration of diabetes. By extrapolating this linear relationship to the time when retinopathy prevalence was estimated to be zero, onset of detectable retinopathy was calculated to have occurred approximately 4-7 yr before diagnosis of NIDDM. Because other data indicate that diabetes may be present for 5 yr before retinopathy becomes evident, onset of NIDDM may occur 9-12 yr before its clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS--These findings suggest that undiagnosed NIDDM is not a benign condition. Clinically significant morbidity is present at diagnosis and for years before diagnosis. During this preclinical period, treatment is not being offered for diabetes or its specific complications, despite the fact that reduction in hyperglycemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular risk factors is believed to benefit patients. Imprecise dating of diabetes onset also obscures investigations of the etiology of NIDDM and studies of the nature and importance of risk factors for diabetes complications.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
American Diabetes Association
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes--2009
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2009; 32(Supplement_1): S13 - S61.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Roman and P. S. Zeitler
Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing in Asymptomatic Obese Children: More Questions than Answers
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2008; 93(11): 4228 - 4230.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ptjournalHome page
A. D Deshpande, M. Harris-Hayes, and M. Schootman
Epidemiology of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications
Physical Therapy, November 1, 2008; 88(11): 1254 - 1264.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Rheumatology (Oxford)Home page
L. L. Laslett, S. P. Burnet, C. L. Redmond, and J. D. McNeil
Predictors of shoulder pain and shoulder disability after one year in diabetic outpatients
Rheumatology, October 1, 2008; 47(10): 1583 - 1586.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Psychosom. Med.Home page
P. A. Hall, M. J. Coons, and T. M. Vallis
Anxious Temperament and Disease Progression at Diagnosis: The Case of Type 2 Diabetes
Psychosom Med, September 1, 2008; 70(7): 837 - 843.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular DiseaseHome page
J C. Agwu
Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, July 1, 2008; 8(4): 163 - 168.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. D. Saudek, W. H. Herman, D. B. Sacks, R. M. Bergenstal, D. Edelman, and M. B. Davidson
A New Look at Screening and Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2008; 93(7): 2447 - 2453.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Screening for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Ann Intern Med, June 3, 2008; 148(11): 846 - 854.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
S. L. Norris, D. Kansagara, C. Bougatsos, and R. Fu
Screening Adults for Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Ann Intern Med, June 3, 2008; 148(11): 855 - 868.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BMJHome page
C. L Gillies, P. C Lambert, K. R Abrams, A. J Sutton, N. J Cooper, R. T Hsu, M. J Davies, and K. Khunti
Different strategies for screening and prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults: cost effectiveness analysis
BMJ, May 24, 2008; 336(7654): 1180 - 1185.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
T. K. Schramm, G. H. Gislason, L. Kober, S. Rasmussen, J. N. Rasmussen, S. Z. Abildstrom, M. L. Hansen, F. Folke, P. Buch, M. Madsen, et al.
Diabetes Patients Requiring Glucose-Lowering Therapy and Nondiabetics With a Prior Myocardial Infarction Carry the Same Cardiovascular Risk: A Population Study of 3.3 Million People
Circulation, April 15, 2008; 117(15): 1945 - 1954.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
M. R. Carnethon, L. Yan, P. Greenland, D. B. Garside, A. R. Dyer, B. Metzger, and M. L. Daviglus
Resting Heart Rate in Middle Age and Diabetes Development in Older Age
Diabetes Care, February 1, 2008; 31(2): 335 - 339.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
American Diabetes Association
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes--2008
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2008; 31(Supplement_1): S12 - S54.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Fam PractHome page
P. Janssen, K. Gorter, R. Stolk, and G. Rutten
Low yield of population-based screening for Type 2 diabetes in the Netherlands: the ADDITION Netherlands study
Fam. Pract., December 1, 2007; 24(6): 555 - 561.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
T. T. Nguyen, J. J. Wang, and T. Y. Wong
Retinal Vascular Changes in Pre-Diabetes and Prehypertension: New findings and their research and clinical implications
Diabetes Care, October 1, 2007; 30(10): 2708 - 2715.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BMJHome page
H. Eborall, R. Davies, A.-L. Kinmonth, S. Griffin, and J. Lawton
Patients' experiences of screening for type 2 diabetes: prospective qualitative study embedded in the ADDITION (Cambridge) randomised controlled trial
BMJ, September 8, 2007; 335(7618): 490 - 490.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Public HealthHome page
K. Baptiste-Roberts, T. L. Gary, G. L.A. Beckles, E. W. Gregg, M. Owens, D. Porterfield, and M. M. Engelgau
Family History of Diabetes, Awareness of Risk Factors, and Health Behaviors Among African Americans
Am J Public Health, May 1, 2007; 97(5): 907 - 912.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
M. R. Carnethon, M. L. Biggs, J. I. Barzilay, N. L. Smith, V. Vaccarino, A. G. Bertoni, A. Arnold, and D. Siscovick
Longitudinal Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Arch Intern Med, April 23, 2007; 167(8): 802 - 807.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
A. M. Hodge, D. R. English, K. O'Dea, and G. G. Giles
Dietary Patterns and Diabetes Incidence in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study
Am. J. Epidemiol., March 15, 2007; 165(6): 603 - 610.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 StrokeHome page
P. K. Myint, S. Sinha, N. J. Wareham, S. A. Bingham, R. N. Luben, A. A. Welch, and K.-T. Khaw
Glycated Hemoglobin and Risk of Stroke in People Without Known Diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk Prospective Population Study: A Threshold Relationship?
Stroke, February 1, 2007; 38(2): 271 - 275.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
M. J. Abrahamson
A 74-Year-Old Woman With Diabetes
JAMA, January 10, 2007; 297(2): 196 - 204.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
C. G. Parkin and J. A. Davidson
Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Algorithm for the Initiation and Adjustment of Therapy: A Consensus Statement From the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes: Response to Nathan et al.
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2007; 30(1): 192 - 193.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
S. E. Young, A. G. Mainous III, and M. Carnemolla
Hyperinsulinemia and Cognitive Decline in a Middle-Aged Cohort
Diabetes Care, December 1, 2006; 29(12): 2688 - 2693.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DOC NewsHome page
J. Lindsay
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome May Be Harbinger of Type 2 Diabetes
DOC News, November 1, 2006; 3(11): 13 - 13.
[Full Text]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
Y. J. Cheng, E. W. Gregg, H. S. Kahn, D. E. Williams, N. De Rekeneire, and K. M. V. Narayan
Peripheral Insensate Neuropathy--A Tall Problem for US Adults?
Am. J. Epidemiol., November 1, 2006; 164(9): 873 - 880.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int J EpidemiolHome page
Z. Wang and W. E Hoy
Albuminuria as a marker of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in non-diabetic Aboriginal Australians
Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2006; 35(5): 1331 - 1335.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann Fam MedHome page
R. J. Koopman, A. G. Mainous III, H. A. Liszka, J. A. Colwell, E. H. Slate, M. A. Carnemolla, and C. J. Everett
Evidence of Nephropathy and Peripheral Neuropathy in US Adults With Undiagnosed Diabetes.
Ann. Fam. Med, September 1, 2006; 4(5): 427 - 432.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
M. S. Kirkman, R. R. Shankar, S. Shankar, C. Shen, E. Brizendine, A. Baron, and J. McGill
Treating postprandial hyperglycemia does not appear to delay progression of early type 2 diabetes: the early diabetes intervention program.
Diabetes Care, September 1, 2006; 29(9): 2095 - 2101.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Public HealthHome page
R. Colagiuri, S. Colagiuri, D. Yach, and S. Pramming
The Answer to Diabetes Prevention: Science, Surgery, Service Delivery, or Social Policy?
Am J Public Health, September 1, 2006; 96(9): 1562 - 1569.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
M. C. Gulliford, R. Latinovic, J. Charlton, and R. A.C. Hughes
Increased Incidence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome up to 10 Years Before Diagnosis of Diabetes
Diabetes Care, August 1, 2006; 29(8): 1929 - 1930.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
Z. T. Bloomgarden
Atypical Antipsychotic Agents, Retinopathy, Nephropathy, and Cardiovascular Disease.
Diabetes Care, June 1, 2006; 29(6): 1439 - 1446.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
C. Thomas, E. Hypponen, and C. Power
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in midlife estimated from the cambridge risk score and body mass index.
Arch Intern Med, March 27, 2006; 166(6): 682 - 688.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
V. Kupelian, S. T. Page, A. B. Araujo, T. G. Travison, W. J. Bremner, and J. B. McKinlay
Low Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Total Testosterone, and Symptomatic Androgen Deficiency Are Associated with Development of the Metabolic Syndrome in Nonobese Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2006; 91(3): 843 - 850.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
D. M. Eddy, L. Schlessinger, and R. Kahn
Managing People at High Risk for Diabetes
Ann Intern Med, January 3, 2006; 144(1): 67 - 68.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br. J. Ophthalmol.Home page
A Grosso, F Veglio, M Porta, F M Grignolo, and T Y Wong
Hypertensive retinopathy revisited: some answers, more questions
Br. J. Ophthalmol., December 1, 2005; 89(12): 1646 - 1654.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
A. H. Lauruschkat, B. Arnrich, A. A. Albert, J. A. Walter, B. Amann, U. P. Rosendahl, T. Alexander, and J. Ennker
Prevalence and Risks of Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Circulation, October 18, 2005; 112(16): 2397 - 2402.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
D. M. Eddy, L. Schlessinger, and R. Kahn
Clinical Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Strategies for Managing People at High Risk for Diabetes
Ann Intern Med, August 16, 2005; 143(4): 251 - 264.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
M. M. Engelgau
Trying To Predict the Future for People with Diabetes: A Tough but Important Task
Ann Intern Med, August 16, 2005; 143(4): 301 - 302.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
E. J. Boyko, S. D. Fihn, D. Scholes, L. Abraham, and B. Monsey
Risk of Urinary Tract Infection and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Diabetic and Nondiabetic Postmenopausal Women
Am. J. Epidemiol., March 15, 2005; 161(6): 557 - 564.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CMAJHome page
G. Agarwal
How to diagnose diabetes
Can. Med. Assoc. J., March 1, 2005; 172(5): 615 - 616.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
W. H. Herman, T. J. Hoerger, M. Brandle, K. Hicks, S. Sorensen, P. Zhang, R. F. Hamman, R. T. Ackermann, M. M. Engelgau, R. E. Ratner, et al.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modification or Metformin in Preventing Type 2 Diabetes in Adults with Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Ann Intern Med, March 1, 2005; 142(5): 323 - 332.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
M. C. Gulliford, J. Charlton, and R. Latinovic
Increased Utilization of Primary Care 5 Years Before Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes: A matched cohort study
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2005; 28(1): 47 - 52.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
R. Roy, M. Navar, G. Palomeno, and M. B. Davidson
Real World Effectiveness of Rosiglitazone Added to Maximal (Tolerated) Doses of Metformin and a Sulfonylurea Agent: A systematic evaluation of triple oral therapy in a minority population
Diabetes Care, July 1, 2004; 27(7): 1741 - 1742.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
D. M. Nathan and W. H. Herman
Screening for Diabetes: Can We Afford Not To Screen?
Ann Intern Med, May 4, 2004; 140(9): 756 - 758.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
J. Lauenborg, T. Hansen, D. M. Jensen, H. Vestergaard, L. Molsted-Pedersen, P. Hornnes, H. Locht, O. Pedersen, and P. Damm
Increasing Incidence of Diabetes After Gestational Diabetes: A long-term follow-up in a Danish population
Diabetes Care, May 1, 2004; 27(5): 1194 - 1199.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Fam PractHome page
O. Parry, E. Peel, M. Douglas, and J. Lawton
Patients in waiting: a qualitative study of type 2 diabetes patients' perceptions of diagnosis
Fam. Pract., April 1, 2004; 21(2): 131 - 136.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
C. S. Fox, L. Sullivan, R. B. D'Agostino Sr, and P. W.F. Wilson
The Significant Effect of Diabetes Duration on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality: The Framingham Heart Study
Diabetes Care, March 1, 2004; 27(3): 704 - 708.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
W. A. Davis, M. Knuiman, P. Kendall, V. Grange, and T. M.E. Davis
Glycemic Exposure Is Associated With Reduced Pulmonary Function in Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study
Diabetes Care, March 1, 2004; 27(3): 752 - 757.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
J. T. Lane
Microalbuminuria as a marker of cardiovascular and renal risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a temporal perspective
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, March 1, 2004; 286(3): F442 - F450.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
S. Colagiuri, Z. Hussain, P. Zimmet, A. Cameron, and J. Shaw
Screening for Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Metabolism: The Australian experience
Diabetes Care, February 1, 2004; 27(2): 367 - 371.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Fam PractHome page
C. Greaves, J. Stead, A. Hattersley, P Ewings, P Brown, and P. Evans
A simple pragmatic system for detecting new cases of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glycaemia in primary care
Fam. Pract., February 1, 2004; 21(1): 57 - 62.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2004; 27(90001): s47 - 47.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
J. R. Singleton, A. G. Smith, J. W. Russell, and E. L. Feldman
Microvascular Complications of Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Diabetes, December 1, 2003; 52(12): 2867 - 2873.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
C. Lorenzo, M. Okoloise, K. Williams, M. P. Stern, and S. M. Haffner
The Metabolic Syndrome as Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes: The San Antonio Heart Study
Diabetes Care, November 1, 2003; 26(11): 3153 - 3159.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Journal of the American Dental AssociationHome page
P. A. MOORE, J. C. ZGIBOR, and A. P. DASANAYAKE
Diabetes: A growing epidemic of all ages
J Am Dent Assoc, October 1, 2003; 134(suppl_1): 11S - 15S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
F. J. Dallo and S. C. Weller
Effectiveness of diabetes mellitus screening recommendations
PNAS, September 2, 2003; 100(18): 10574 - 10579.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular DiseaseHome page
P. H Evans, M. Luthra, R. Powell, K. G Sweeney, and D. P. Gray
Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in primary care
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, September 1, 2003; 3(5): 342 - 344.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
M. R. Carnethon, L. S. Kinder, J. M. Fair, R. S. Stafford, and S. P. Fortmann
Symptoms of Depression as a Risk Factor for Incident Diabetes: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, 1971-1992
Am. J. Epidemiol., September 1, 2003; 158(5): 416 - 423.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
A. M.W. Spijkerman, J. M. Dekker, G. Nijpels, M. C. Adriaanse, P. J. Kostense, D. Ruwaard, C. D.A. Stehouwer, L. M. Bouter, and R. J. Heine
Microvascular Complications at Time of Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Are Similar Among Diabetic Patients Detected by Targeted Screening and Patients Newly Diagnosed in General Practice: The Hoorn Screening Study
Diabetes Care, September 1, 2003; 26(9): 2604 - 2608.
[Abstract]