Diabetes Care, Vol 15, Issue 9 1126-1140, Copyright © 1992 by American Diabetes Association
Glycemic control and diabetic complications
S Strowig and P Raskin
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8858.
The relationship between glycemic control and diabetic complications
remains unclear. Epidemiological studies reveal that approximately 25% of
diabetic individuals do not develop complications, irrespective of degree
of glycemic control. Studies of genetic factors, including HLA type,
capillary basement membrane thickness, genetic predisposition to
hypertension, and familial clustering of diabetic complications, suggest
that there is a genetic component to developing the complications of
diabetes. On the other hand, clinical trials have demonstrated that the
progression of early, mild background retinopathy, microalbuminuria, and
parameters of nervous system function are stabilized with improved glycemic
control. Other metabolic parameters, such as serum lipoprotein levels, are
significantly improved with near normoglycemia. No studies to date have
evaluated the effect of blood glucose control on the prevention of diabetic
complications. The degree of glycemic control required to impact on
diabetic complications is unknown. In addition, achieving near
normoglycemia carries increased risk for severe hypoglycemia and weight
gain. Further study is needed to determine the long-term benefits of blood
glucose control and to weigh that against the risks of improving glycemic
control. Further investigation also is needed to address the probable
interrelationship of genetic factors and glycemic control on the
development of diabetic complications.