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Diabetes Care, Vol 20, Issue 10 1503-1511, Copyright © 1997 by American Diabetes Association
A randomized controlled trial of weight reduction and exercise for diabetes management in older African-American subjects
TD Agurs-Collins, SK Kumanyika, TR Ten Have and LL Adams-Campbell
Division of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20006, USA. tagurs-collins@fac.howard.edu
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a weight loss and exercise program designed to
improve diabetes management in older African-Americans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
METHODS: Overweight African-Americans (n = 64) ages 55-79 years with NIDDM
were randomized to either an intervention (12 weekly group sessions, 1
individual session, and 6 biweekly group sessions) or usual care (1
individual session, and 6 biweekly group sessions) or usual care (1 class
and 2 informational mailings). Clinical and behavioral variables were
assessed at 0, 3, and 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: Significant net
differences in the intervention versus usual care were observed for weight
(-2.0 kg, P = 0.006), physical activity, and dietary intake of fat,
saturated fat, cholesterol, and nutrition knowledge at 3 months (all P <
0.05) and for weight at 6 months (-2.4 kg; P = 0.006) and mean HbA1c values
at 3 and 6 months (respectively, -1.6 and -2.4%, both P < 0.01). After
the adjustment for changes in weight and activity, the intervention
participants were approximately twice as likely to have a one unit decrease
in HbA1c value as those in usual care. Blood pressure increase sin usual
care participants resulted in net differences (intervention minus control)
at 3 and 6 months of -3.3 (P = 0.09) and -4.0 (P = 0.05) mmHg diastolic,
respectively, and -8.4 (P = 0.06) and -5.9 (P > 0.10) mmHg systolic,
respectively. Blood lipid profiles improved more in intervention than usual
care participants, but not significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention
program was effective in improving glycemic and blood pressure control. The
decrease in HbA1c values was generally independent of the relatively modest
changes in dietary intake, weight, and activity and may reflect indirect
program effects on other aspects of self-care.

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Copyright © 1997 by the American Diabetes Association.
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