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Diabetes Care, Vol 23, Issue 7 919-927, Copyright © 2000 by American Diabetes Association
Performance status of health care facilities changes with risk adjustment of HbA1c
Q Zhang, M Safford, J Ottenweller, G Hawley, D Repke, JF Burgess, S Dhar, H Cheng, H Naito and LM Pogach
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey 07018, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a risk adjustment method for HbA1c, based solely on
administrative data and to determine the extent to which risk-adjusted
HbA1c changes the identification of high- or low-performing medical
facilities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Through use of pharmacy records,
204,472 diabetic patients were identified for federal fiscal year 1996
(FY96). Complete information (HbA1c levels, demographic data, inpatient
records, outpatient pharmacy utilization records) was available on 38,173
predominantly male patients from 48 Veterans Health Administration (VHA)
medical facilities. Hierarchical mixed-effects models were used to estimate
risk-adjusted unique facility-level HbA1c. RESULTS: Predicted HbA1c
demonstrated expected patterns for major factors known to influence
glycemic control. Poorer glycemic control was seen in minorities and
patients with greater disease severity, longer duration of disease (using
treatment type or presence of amputation as surrogates), and more extensive
comorbidity (measured by an adapted Charlson index). Better glycemic
control was seen in Caucasians, older diabetic patients, and patients with
higher outpatient utilization. The number of performance outliers was
reduced as a result of risk adjustment. For mean HbA1c levels, 7 facilities
that were initially identified as statistically significant outliers were
no longer outliers after risk adjustment. For high-risk HbA1c (>9.5%)
rates, 12 facilities that were initially identified as statistically
significant outliers were no longer outliers after risk adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS: Risk adjustment using only administrative data resulted in
substantial changes in identification of high or low performers compared
with non-risk-adjusted HbA1c. Although our findings are exploratory, risk
adjustment using administrative data may be a necessary and achievable step
in quality assessment of diabetes care measured by rates of high-risk HbA1c
(>9.5%).

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Copyright © 2000 by the American Diabetes Association.
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