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The Prevalence and Management of Diabetes in Thai Adults

The International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia

¹ Community Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
² Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Newtown, Australia
³ Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
⁴ Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Associate Professor Bruce Neal, Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, P.O. Box 576, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia. E-mail: bneal{at}iih.usyd.edu.au

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to determine in Thai adults aged 35 years the prevalence and management of diabetes and the associations of diabetes with cardiovascular risk factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia was a complex sample survey. Data from a structured questionnaire, brief physical examination, and blood sample were collected from 5,105 individuals aged 35 years (response rate 68%). Population estimates were calculated by applying sampling weights derived from the 2000 Thai census.

RESULTS—The estimated national prevalence of diabetes in Thai adults was 9.6% (2.4 million people), which included 4.8% previously diagnosed and 4.8% newly diagnosed. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 5.4% (1.4 million people). Diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and impaired fasting glucose were associated with greater age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and serum creatinine levels. The majority of individuals with diagnosed diabetes had received dietary or other behavioral advice, and 82% were taking oral hypoglycemic therapy. Blood pressure-lowering therapy was provided to 67% of diagnosed diabetic patients with concomitant hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS—Diabetes is common in Thailand, but one-half of all cases are undiagnosed. Because diagnosed diabetes is likely to be treated with proven, low-cost, preventive therapies such as glucose lowering and blood pressure lowering, initiatives that increased diagnosis rates would be expected to produce substantial health benefits in Thailand.

Abbreviations: ED, enumeration district • InterASIA, International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia

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