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Aging Per Se Does Not Influence Glucose Homeostasis

In vivo and in vitro evidence

¹ School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
² Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
³ Québec Heart Institute, Laval Hospital Research Center, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
⁴ Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
⁵ Division of Kinesiology, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada

OBJECTIVE—To assess the effect of age on glucose metabolism by examining 1) glucose metabolism in young and middle-aged subjects when total or regional adiposity is taken into account and 2) in vitro glucose transport in adipose tissue explants from young and middle-aged women paired for total and abdominal adiposity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Study 1: body composition, subcutaneous abdominal and visceral adipose tissue areas, and fasting and oral glucose–stimulated glucose and insulin were measured in 84 young and 81 middle-aged men and in 110 young and 91 middle-aged women. Study 2: glucose uptake in subcutaneous abdominal and visceral adipose tissue explants were measured in eight young and eight middle-aged women.

RESULTS—Study 1: young and middle-aged men showed similar subcutaneous abdominal tissue area, whereas fat mass and visceral adipose tissue were greater in middle-aged than in young men (P < 0.01). Fat mass and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue areas were greater in middle-aged as compared with young women (P < 0.01). Fasting plasma glucose and the glucose response to an oral glucose tolerance test were significantly higher in middle-aged than in young men and women (P < 0.001). Statistical control for visceral adipose tissue area eliminated the difference seen in glucose response in men and women. Study 2: glucose transport in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue did not differ between young and middle-aged women.

CONCLUSIONS—1) Visceral obesity, more than age per se, correlates with glucose intolerance in middle-aged subjects; 2) aging does not influence in vitro adipose tissue glucose uptake.

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve • CT, computed tomography • DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium • FFM, fat-free mass • HU, Hounsfield units • KRH, Krebs-Ringer HEPES • LSM, least square means • OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test

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