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Diabetes Care 27:234-238, 2004
© 2004 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc.

Metabolic Syndrome/Insulin Resistance/Pre-Diabetes
Original Article

The Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among Arab Americans

Linda A. Jaber, PHARMD1, Morton B. Brown, PHD2, Adnan Hammad, PHD3, Qian Zhu, MS,2 and William H. Herman, MD, MPH4

1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
2 Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
3 Community Health Center, ACCESS, Dearborn, Michigan
4 Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Linda A. Jaber, PharmD, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave., Detroit, MI 48201-2417. E-mail: ljaber{at}wayne.edu

OBJECTIVE—To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Arab Americans by age, sex, and BMI and to examine the association between insulin resistance and each of the components of the metabolic syndrome.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We studied a representative, cross-sectional, population-based sample of 542 Arab Americans aged 20–75 years. The metabolic syndrome was defined by Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR).

RESULTS—The age-adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 23% (95% CI 19–26%) by the ATP III definition and 28% (24–32%) by the WHO definition. Although the prevalence increased significantly with age and BMI in both sexes by both definitions, differences in estimates were noted. With ATP III, the age-specific rates were similar for men and women aged 20–49 years but were significantly higher for women aged >=50 years. With WHO, rates were higher for men than women aged 20–49 years and similar for those aged >=50 years. The most common component of the metabolic syndrome in men and women was low HDL cholesterol with the ATP III and the presence of glucose intolerance and HOMA-IR with the WHO. Strong associations between HOMA-IR and individual components of the metabolic syndrome were observed. After fitting a model with HOMA-IR as the outcome, waist circumference, triglyceride level, and fasting plasma glucose level were significantly associated with HOMA-IR.

CONCLUSIONS—The metabolic syndrome is common among Arab Americans and is related to modifiable risk factors.

Abbreviations: ATP III, Adult Treatment Panel III • FPG, fasting plasma glucose • HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance • IFG, impaired fasting glucose • IGT, impaired glucose tolerance • WHO, World Health Organization


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