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© 2004 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc.
Epidemiology/Health Services/Psychosocial Research |
The Blood Glucose Monitoring Communication Questionnaire
An instrument to measure affect specific to blood glucose monitoring
1 Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Genetics and Epidemiology Section, Behavioral Research and Mental Health Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
2 Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Lori Laffel, MD, MPH, Pediatric & Adolescent Unit, Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215. E-mail: lori.laffel{at}joslin.harvard.edu
OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to present the psychometric properties of a new tool for evaluating affective response to blood glucose monitoring (BGM) in youths with type 1 diabetes and their parents.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Study participants included 153 youths with type 1 diabetes and their parents. Each youth and parent completed the Blood Glucose Monitoring Communication (BGMC) questionnaire, Diabetes Family Conflict Scale, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Statistical analyses evaluated the psychometric properties of the BGMC questionnaires and their association with glycemic outcomes.
RESULTS—Youth and parent BGMC questionnaires had acceptable internal consistency (youth, 
= 0.77; parent, = 0.82) and 1-year test-retest reliability (youth, r = 0.60; parent, r = 0.80). Higher BGMC questionnaire scores (indicating more negative affect) showed a strong association with higher levels of diabetes-specific family conflict (youth, r = 0.33; parent, r = 0.44) and poorer health-related psychosocial quality of life (youth, r = –0.50; parent, r = –0.42). Higher BGMC questionnaire scores were also associated with poorer glycemic control (youth, r = 0.28; parent, r = 0.20), even when the effects of diabetes-specific family conflict and psychosocial quality of life were controlled. Youths with BGMC questionnaire scores in the upper quartile had A1c values 1 percentage point higher (9.1%) than youths with scores in the lowest quartile (8.0%).
CONCLUSIONS—The BGMC questionnaires have strong psychometric properties and are convenient measures of affect specific to BGM. Further, BGM affect is associated with glycemic outcomes and may provide a unique contribution to factors associated with glycemic control in youths.
Abbreviations: BGM, blood glucose monitoring • BGMC, Blood Glucose Monitoring Communication • PedsQL, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory • SES, socioeconomic status
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