HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Freccero, C. Articles by Sundkvist, G. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Freccero, C. Articles by Sundkvist, G. Social Bookmarking                What's this?

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Neuropathy Are Frequent in Both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

¹ Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
² Department of Clinical Physiology, Malmö University Hospital, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
³ Department of Endocrinology, Malmö University Hospital, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Carolin Freccero, MD, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden. E-mail: carolin.freccero{at}plastsurg.mas.lu.se

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of sympathetic versus parasympathetic neuropathy among type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—There were 43 patients with type 1 and 17 with type 2 diabetes who were investigated. Sympathetic nerve function was assessed by measurement of the vasoconstriction (VAC) index by laser Doppler perfusion imaging of a locally heated finger followed by indirect cooling. Parasympathetic nerve function was assessed by R-R interval variation during deep breathing as measured by the expiration/inspiration (E/I) ratio. Results were expressed as age-corrected z scores in SD; VAC index >1.64 SD and E/I ratio <–1.64 SD were considered abnormal.

RESULTS—VAC index was abnormal in 40% with type 1 and 41% with type 2 diabetes, whereas the E/I ratio was abnormal in 42% with type 1 and 65% with type 2 diabetes. There was a clear association between VAC index and E/I ratio among type 1 (r_s = 0.525; P = 0.0002) but not among type 2 (r_s = 0.10) diabetic patients. Among type 2 diabetic patients, the degree of dysfunction was most severe regarding parasympathetic function (P = 0.0167).

CONCLUSIONS—Sympathetic and parasympathetic neuropathy were frequent in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. However, there was a difference between the two types of diabetes. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve functions correlated in type 1 but not in type 2 diabetic patients. The explanation for this discrepancy might be that parasympathetic nerve function was most severely affected among type 2 diabetic patients.

Abbreviations: E/I, expiration/inspiration • LDPI, laser Doppler perfusion imaging • VAC, vasoconstriction

CiteULike    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. Yamasaki, H. Sasaki, K. Ogawa, T. Shono, S. Tamura, A. Doi, M. Sasahara, H. Kawashima, T. Nakao, H. Furuta, et al. Uncoupling Protein 2 Promoter Polymorphism -866G/A Affects Peripheral Nerve Dysfunction in Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients Diabetes Care, April 1, 2006; 29(4): 888 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Granberg, N. Ejskjaer, M. Peakman, and G. Sundkvist Autoantibodies to Autonomic Nerves Associated With Cardiac and Peripheral Autonomic Neuropathy Diabetes Care, August 1, 2005; 28(8): 1959 - 1964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]