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Diabetes Care 27:2103-2107, 2004
© 2004 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc.

Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition
Original Article

Haptoglobin Phenotype and Gestational Diabetes

Stefan Mustafa, MD, PHD1, Thomas Vukovich, MD1, Thomas Prikoszovich2, Christine Winzer, MD2, Barbara Schneider, PHD3, Harald Esterbauer, MD, PHD1, Oswald Wagner, MD1 and Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, MD2

1 Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Wien, Währingergürtel, Austria
2 Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wien, Währingergürtel, Austria
3 Institute for Medical Statistics, Wien, Schwarzspanierstrasse, Austria

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Thomas Vukovich, MD, AKH-Wien, KIMCL, Leitstelle 5H, Währingergürtel 18-20, A-1090 Wien, Austria. E-mail: thomas.vukovich{at}akhwien.at

OBJECTIVE—Haptoglobin (Hp), an Hb-binding plasma protein, exists in two major allelic variants. Hp1 has higher Hb binding and antioxidant capacity compared with Hp2. Individuals with Hp1 exhibit a lower incidence of angiopathies. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an early manifestation of type 2 diabetes in pregnant women. It is usually confined to the time of gestation, but carries an increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes later in life.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—From consecutive Caucasian pregnant women (n = 250) referred for oral glucose tolerance testing, the Hp phenotype was determined. Significance of distribution and odds ratios (ORs) associated with Hp phenotype were calculated for women with GDM (n = 110) and women with normal glucose tolerance (n = 140).

RESULTS—Frequency of GDM in Hp phenotype classes increased with the number of Hp2 alleles (P < 0.001). ORs for GDM in women heterozygous and homozygous for Hp2 were 2.7 (95% CI 1.06–6.84) and 4.2 (1.67–10.55), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS—Hp phenotype is an apparent risk factor for the development of GDM in our study population. This might be due to the low antioxidative potential of Hp2 compared with Hp1.

Abbreviations: GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus • Hp, haptoglobin • OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test


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Copyright © 2004 by the American Diabetes Association.