HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Touger, L. Articles by Knowler, W. C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Touger, L. Articles by Knowler, W. C. Social Bookmarking                What's this?

Early Growth in Offspring of Diabetic Mothers

Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Leslie Touger, Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1550 E. Indian School Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85014. E-mail: ltouger{at}mail.nih.gov

OBJECTIVE—By age 5 years, offspring of diabetic mothers (ODMs) are heavier and have altered glucose metabolism compared with offspring of mothers without diabetes (non-DMs). This study evaluates the growth pattern of ODMs before the age of 5 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Anthropometric measures (z scores) from birth, 1.5 years, and 7.7 years in Pima Indian children were compared by maternal diabetes status.

RESULTS—After adjustment for earlier gestational age at delivery (37.8 vs. 39.3 weeks, P < 0.01), ODMs were heavier at birth (z score birth weight 0.49 vs. –0.04, P < 0.01) than non-DMs. At age 1.5 years, ODMs were shorter than the non-DMs (z score = –0.24 vs. 0.12, P < 0.01) but their weight and relative weight (RW; weight adjusted for age, sex, and length or height) were similar. From birth to 1.5 years, ODMs showed significant "catch down" of weight compared with non-DMs (change in weight z score from birth to 1.5 years of ODMs and non-DMs was –0.56 and 0.12, respectively, P < 0.01). By age 7.7 years, ODMs were heavier (weight z score 0.89 vs. –0.07, P < 0.01) but had similar height as non-DMs. Differences in glucose and insulin concentrations at age 7.7 years were dependent on RW.

CONCLUSIONS—ODMs had a dramatically different growth pattern from that of non-DMs. Gestational age–adjusted birth weight was higher. During the first 1.5 postnatal years, the change in weight z score and attained height were reduced. Subsequently, height caught up to that of non-DMs, while weight gain greatly exceeded that of non-DMs.

Abbreviations: BWT, birth weight • CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • HT_1.5, early childhood supine length • HT₇, height at 7 years • non-DM, offspring of mother without diabetes • ODM, offspring of diabetic mother • RW, relative weight • WT_1.5, early childhood weight • WT₇, weight at 7 years

CiteULike    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. P. Gunderson Breastfeeding After Gestational Diabetes Pregnancy: Subsequent obesity and type 2 diabetes in women and their offspring Diabetes Care, July 1, 2007; 30(Supplement_2): S161 - S168. [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Knight, B. M. Shields, A. Hill, R. J. Powell, D. Wright, and A. T. Hattersley The Impact of Maternal Glycemia and Obesity on Early Postnatal Growth in a Nondiabetic Caucasian Population Diabetes Care, April 1, 2007; 30(4): 777 - 783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]