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Effect of Weight Loss and Nutritional Intervention on Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes

¹ Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
² Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Address correspondence and reprint requests to David E. Kelley, MD, 807N Montefiore-University Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, 3459 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213. E-mail: kelley{at}dom.pitt.edu

OBJECTIVE—There is increased stiffness of the large central arteries in type 2 diabetic patients, and obesity is a risk factor. However, the effect of intentional weight loss on arterial stiffness is uncertain, and the purpose of the current study was to assess this effect.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) at baseline and at completion of a 1-year weight loss intervention. Metabolic control of type 2 diabetes was also appraised.

RESULTS— Mean weight loss at 1 year in 38 volunteers with type 2 diabetes was 7.8%. There were improvements in HbA_1c, LDL cholesterol, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tumor necrosis factor-, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein). There was also a significant improvement in aPWV at completion of weight loss intervention, from 740 to 690 cm/s (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS— Moderate weight loss improves arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.

Abbreviations: aPWV, aortic pulse wave velocity • CVD, cardiovascular disease • HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance • IL, interleukin • PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor • TNF, tumor necrosis factor

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