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Beneficial Associations of Physical Activity With 2-h but Not Fasting Blood Glucose in Australian Adults

The AusDiab Study

¹ Cancer Prevention Research Centre, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
² International Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Genevieve Healy, MPH, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia 4006. E-mail: g.healy{at}uq.edu.au

OBJECTIVE—We examined the associations of physical activity with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and with 2-h postload plasma glucose (2-h PG) in men and women with low, moderate, and high waist circumference.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study provided data on a population-based cross-sectional sample of 4,108 men and 5,106 women aged 25 years without known diabetes or health conditions that could affect physical activity. FPG and 2-h PG were obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test. Self-reported physical activity level was defined according to the current public health guidelines as active (150 min/week across five or more sessions) or inactive (<150 min/week and/or less than five sessions). Sex-specific quintiles of physical activity time were used to ascertain dose response.

RESULTS—Being physically active and total physical activity time were independently and negatively associated with 2-h PG. When physical activity level was considered within each waist circumference category, 2-h PG was significantly lower in active high–waist circumference women (ß –0.30 [95% CI –0.59 to –0.01], P = 0.044) and active low–waist circumference men (ß –0.25 [–0.49 to –0.02], P = 0.036) compared with their inactive counterparts. Considered across physical activity and waist circumference categories, 2-h PG levels were not significantly different between active moderate–waist circumference participants and active low–waist circumference participants. Associations between physical activity and FPG were nonsignificant.

CONCLUSIONS—There are important differences between 2-h PG and FPG related to physical activity. It appears that 2-h PG is more sensitive to the beneficial effects of physical activity, and these benefits occur across the waist circumference spectrum.

Abbreviations: 2-h PG, 2-h postload plasma glucose • AusDiab, Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle • FPG, fasting plasma glucose

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