Diabetes Care
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Diabetes Care 29:2605-2611, 2006
DOI: 10.2337/dc06-1083
© 2006 by the American Diabetes Association
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Epidemiology/Health Services/Psychosocial Research
Original Article

Age, Sex, and Ethnic Variations in Serum Insulin Concentrations Among U.S. Youth

Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002

Earl S. Ford, MD, MPH1, Chaoyang Li, MD, PHD1, Giuseppina Imperatore, MD, PHD2 and Stephen Cook, MD3

1 Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
2 Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
3 Strong Children’s Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Earl Ford, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease ControlPrevention, 4770 Buford Hwy., MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341. E-mail: eford{at}cdc.gov

OBJECTIVE—Distributions of serum concentrations of insulin among adolescents and young adults are poorly understood in the U.S. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of serum insulin across demographic characteristics of U.S. adolescents and young adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 1,791 male and female subjects aged 12–19 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 1999–2002 were included in the analyses.

RESULTS—Among male participants, serum concentrations of insulin increased from age 12 to 14 years before decreasing. Among female participants, concentrations were highest at age 13 years before decreasing steadily through age 19 years. Among participants aged 12–17 years but not those aged 18–19 years, females had higher mean log-transformed concentrations than males (P, Wald, F = 0.038 and 0.125, respectively) after adjusting for age and ethnicity. After adjusting for age and BMI percentile, mean log-transformed concentrations were higher in African-American females aged 12–17 years than in white or Mexican-American participants. No significant ethnic differences were found among female participants aged 18–19 years or male participants aged 12–19 years. Concentrations of insulin increased strongly with increasing levels of BMI.

CONCLUSIONS—These results provide detailed information about serum concentrations of insulin in a representative sample of U.S. adolescents and young adults and may be useful to monitor future trends of this risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Abbreviations: NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey


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Copyright © 2006 by the American Diabetes Association.