|
 |
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
DOI: 10.2337/dc06-0119
© 2006 by the American Diabetes Association
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk |
Iron Intake and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women
A prospective cohort study
1 Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
2 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
3 Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
4 Department of Preventive Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Swapnil Rajpathak, Departments of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 11375. E-mail: srajpath{at}post.harvard.edu
OBJECTIVE—Epidemiological studies suggest that high body iron stores are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary intake of iron and the risk of type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a prospective cohort study within the Nurses’ Health Study. We followed 85,031 healthy women aged 34–59 years from 1980 to 2000. Dietary data were collected every 4 years, and data on medical history and lifestyle factors were updated biennially.
RESULTS—During the 20 years of follow-up, we documented 4,599 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. We found no association between total, dietary, supplemental, or nonheme iron and the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, heme iron intake (derived from animal products) was positively associated with risk; relative risks (RRs) across increasing quintiles of cumulative intake were 1.00, 1.08 (95% CI 0.97–1.19), 1.20 (1.09–1.33), 1.27 (1.14–1.41), and 1.28 (1.14–1.45) (Ptrend < 0.0001) after controlling for age, BMI, and other nondietary and dietary risk factors. In addition, when we modeled heme iron in seven categories, the multivariate RR comparing women who consumed 
2.25 mg/day and those with intake <0.75 mg/day was 1.52 (1.22–1.88). The association between heme iron and the risk of diabetes was significant in both overweight and lean women.
CONCLUSIONS—This large cohort study suggests that higher heme iron intake is associated with a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Abbreviations: FFQ, food frequency questionnaire • NHS, Nurses’ Health Study
CiteULike 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. C. Luan, H. Li, S. J. Li, Z. Zhao, X. Li, and Z. M. Liu Body Iron Stores and Dietary Iron Intake in Relation to Diabetes in Adults in North China Diabetes Care, February 1, 2008; 31(2): 285 - 286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Zheng, M. Patel, R. Cable, L. Young, and S. D. Katz Insulin Sensitivity, Vascular Function, and Iron Stores in Voluntary Blood Donors Diabetes Care, October 1, 2007; 30(10): 2685 - 2689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q.-W. Yan, Q. Yang, N. Mody, T. E. Graham, C.-H. Hsu, Z. Xu, N. E. Houstis, B. B. Kahn, and E. D. Rosen The Adipokine Lipocalin 2 Is Regulated by Obesity and Promotes Insulin Resistance Diabetes, October 1, 2007; 56(10): 2533 - 2540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Swaminathan, V. A. Fonseca, M. G. Alam, and S. V. Shah The Role of Iron in Diabetes and Its Complications Diabetes Care, July 1, 2007; 30(7): 1926 - 1933. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Qi, R. M. van Dam, K. Rexrode, and F. B. Hu Heme Iron From Diet as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease in Women With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, January 1, 2007; 30(1): 101 - 106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Diabetes | Diabetes Care | Clinical Diabetes | Diabetes Spectrum |