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Published online July 20, 2007
Diabetes Care 30:2843-2848, 2007
DOI: 10.2337/dc07-0685
© 2007 by the American Diabetes Association
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Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition/Psychosocial Research
Original Research

Development of an Evaluation Scale for Self-Management Behavior Related to Physical Activity of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Yuri Nakawatase, MS, RN1, Chiemi Taru, MS, RN1, Akimitsu Tsutou, MD, PHD2, Hideyuki Shiotani, MD, PHD2, Yoshiaki Kido, MD, PHD3, Takeshi Ohara, MD, PHD4, Wataru Ogawa, MD, PHD3 and Ikuko Miyawaki, PHD, RN2

1 Division of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
3 Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
4 Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Yuri Nakawatase, Division of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan. E-mail: yuri.nakawatase{at}gmail.com

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of an evaluation scale for self-management behavior related to physical activity of type 2 diabetic patients (ES-SMBPA-2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Outpatients with type 2 diabetes (n = 146) completed a self-administered questionnaire supported by a semistructured interview based on a literature review. The content, factor, and concurrent validity and internal consistency and reproducibility of the scale were analyzed. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for the ES-SMBPA-2D and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) subscale scores were calculated to evaluate the concurrent validity.

RESULTS—The ES-SMBPA-2D was divided into two parts, the first dealing with self-management behavior to enhance physical activity in daily life and the second with behavior to maintain the level of physical activity. Factor analysis showed that the first part comprised four factors and the second five. The ES-SMBPA-2D correlated with the IPAQ subscales. Cronbach’s {alpha} coefficient was between 0.56 and 0.90, and the intraclass test-retest correlation coefficient of the subscales was between 0.60 and 0.88.

CONCLUSIONS—The ES-SMBPA-2D is reasonably reliable and valid and is expected to prove useful for the assessment of patients’ self-management behavior and for individualized instruction.

Abbreviations: AIC, Akaike’s information criterion • CFI, comparative fit index • ES-SMBPA-2D, evaluation scale for self-management behavior related to physical activity of type 2 diabetic patients • IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire • RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation


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Copyright © 2007 by the American Diabetes Association.