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Published online January 26, 2007
Diabetes Care 30:1206-1211, 2007
DOI: 10.2337/dc06-1484
© 2007 by the American Diabetes Association
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Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk
Original Article

The Usefulness of the International Diabetes Federation and the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome in Predicting Coronary Heart Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Peter C. Tong, PHD1, Alice P. Kong, MBCHB1,3, Wing-Yee So, MBCHB1, Xilin Yang, PHD1, Chung-Shun Ho, MD2, Ronald C. Ma, MA1, Risa Ozaki, MBBS1, Chun-Chung Chow, MBBS1, Christopher W. Lam, PHD2, Juliana C.N. Chan, MD1 and Clive S. Cockram, MD1

1 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
2 Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
3 Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Peter C.Y. Tong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. E-mail: ptong{at}cuhk.edu.hk

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to compare the predictive value for coronary heart disease (CHD) of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition (with Asian criteria for central obesity) of the metabolic syndrome with existing criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) in Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Subjects with type 2 diabetes and without macrovascular diseases or end-stage renal disease were categorized by the criteria of the IDF and the NCEP ATP III. CHD was defined as myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, coronary revascularization, heart failure, and death related to CHD.

RESULTS—Of 4,350 patients (aged 54.4 ± 13.4 years; median follow-up period 7.1 [interquartile range 5.2–8.5] years), 65.9% had metabolic syndrome according to either IDF or NCEP ATP III criteria. The NCEP ATP III definition identified metabolic syndrome in 786 subjects (18.1%) who did not fulfill the criteria of the IDF. HDL cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were predictors of CHD after adjustment for other confounding factors. Compared with subjects without metabolic syndrome, the IDF criteria failed to predict CHD (hazard ratio 1.13 [95% CI 0.86–1.48], P = 0.374). In contrast, the NCEP ATP III definition (2.51 [1.80–3.50], P < 0.001) predicted an increased risk of CHD with the NCEP-only group having the highest risk (2.49 [1.66–3.73], P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS—With established type 2 diabetes, the IDF definition of the metabolic syndrome failed to identify a subgroup of patients who had the highest risk for CHD. Practitioners must recognize the appropriate setting for its application.

Abbreviations: ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio • ATP III, Adult Treatment Panel III • CHD, coronary heart disease • eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate • FPG, fasting plasma glucose • IDF, International Diabetes Federation • NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Program • WHO, World Health Organization


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