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Where Is the Patient in Diabetes Performance Measures?

The case for including patient-centered and self-management measures

¹ Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, Colorado
² WellDoc Communications, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland
³ Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN) Program, Novo Nordisk, Bagsværd, Denmark

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Russell E. Glasgow, PhD, Center for Health Dissemination and Implementation Research, Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, 335 Road Runner Ln., Penrose, CO 81240. E-mail: russg{at}re-aim.net

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE—Health policies are important determinants of clinician and patient behavior, and an important policy issue is what items are included in healthcare quality and performance measures. There is consensus that patient-centered care and self-management support are essential evidence-based components of good diabetes care. However, most major diabetes performance measures such as the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)/American Diabetes Association (ADA) Provider Recognition Program indexes have not included self-management or psychosocial items.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS AND RESULTS—We review the case for and propose a set of patient-centered, self-management indicators to be included as a standard part of diabetes quality indicators. The proposed indicators include: patient self-management goal(s), measures of health behaviors (e.g., healthy eating, medication taking, physical activity, and smoking status), quality of life, and patient-centered collaborative care. We discuss the evidence and the concerns about patient-report measures and summarize successful incorporation of such patient-centered measures in other countries and by the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE).

CONCLUSIONS—The adage that "what gets measured, gets done" applies to diabetes management and many other areas of healthcare. Inclusion of the proposed indicators in national diabetes performance measures would be consistent with Institute of Medicine (IOM), ADA, Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN), AADE, and Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) recommendations. Such action would enhance both the priority and delivery of quality, patient-centered care, and diabetes self-management support.

Abbreviations: AADE, Association of Diabetes Educators • ADA, American Diabetes Association • CCM, Chronic Care Model • DAWN, Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs • IDF, International Diabetes Federation • IOM, Institute of Medicine • NCQA, National Committee for Quality Assurance • SBM, Society of Behavioral Medicine

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