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Weight Loss Strategies Associated With BMI in Overweight Adults With Type 2 Diabetes at Entry Into the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Trial

¹ Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
² Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
³ Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
⁴ Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
⁵ Diabetes Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Corresponding author: Hollie Raynor, PhD, RD, hraynor{at}utk.edu

OBJECTIVE—Intentional weight loss is recommended for those with type 2 diabetes, but the strategies patients attempt and their effectiveness for weight management are unknown. In this investigation we describe intentional weight loss strategies used and those related to BMI in a diverse sample of overweight participants with type 2 diabetes at enrollment in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) clinical trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a cross-sectional study of baseline weight loss strategies, including self-weighing frequency, eating patterns, and weight control practices, reported in 3,063 women and 2,082 men aged 45–74 years with BMI 25 kg/m².

RESULTS—Less than half (41.4%) of participants self-weighed 1/week. Participants ate breakfast 6.0 ± 1.8 days/week, ate 5.0 ± 3.1 meals/snacks per day, and ate 1.9 ± 2.7 fast food meals/week. The three most common weight control practices (increasing fruits and vegetables, cutting out sweets, and eating less high-carbohydrate foods) were reported by 60% of participants for 20 weeks over the previous year. Adjusted models showed that self-weighing less than once per week (B = 0.83), more fast food meals consumed per week (B = 0.14), and fewer breakfast meals consumed per week (B = –0.19) were associated (P < 0.05) with a higher BMI (R² = 0.24).

CONCLUSIONS—Regular self-weighing and breakfast consumption, along with infrequent consumption of fast food, were related to lower BMI in the Look AHEAD study population.

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