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Published online March 28, 2008
Diabetes Care 31:1389-1391, 2008
DOI: 10.2337/dc08-0194
© 2008 by the American Diabetes Association
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Epidemiology/Health Services Research
Original Research

Sex Disparities in the Treatment and Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes

Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, MD1, Heiner K. Berthold, MD, PHD2, Christos S. Mantzoros, MD3, Michael Böhm, MD4 and Wilhelm Krone, MD1

1 Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
2 University of Bonn, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bonn, Germany
3 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
4 Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Homburg/Saar, Homburg/Saar, Germany

Corresponding author: Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, ioanna.berthold{at}uni-koeln.de

OBJECTIVE—To assess whether sex differences exist in the effective control and medication treatment intensity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We performed a cross-sectional analysis including 44,893 patients with type 2 diabetes (51% women). End points included uncontrolled CVD risk factors (LDL cholesterol ≥130 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥140 mmHg, and A1C ≥8%) and the intensity of medical management in patients with uncontrolled CVD risk factors. Multiple-adjusted odds ratios were calculated after stratification for the presence of CVD (present in 39% of the patients).

RESULTS—Women with CVD were less likely to have SBP, LDL cholesterol, and A1C controlled and less likely to receive intensive lipid-lowering treatment. Women without CVD were less likely than men to have LDL cholesterol controlled with no differences in SBP or A1C control.

CONCLUSIONS—Women with diabetes and CVD have poorer control of important modifiable risk factors than men and receive less intensified lipid-lowering treatment.


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Copyright © 2008 by the American Diabetes Association.