Diabetes Care, Vol 6, Issue 2 180-185, Copyright © 1983 by American Diabetes Association

ARTICLES

A survey of cognitive functioning at difference glucose levels in diabetic persons

CS Holmes, JT Hayford, JL Gonzalez and JA Weydert

Cognitive functioning was assessed in diabetic patients during hypoglycemia (60 mg/dl), euglycemia/control (110 mg/dl), and hyperglycemia (300 mg/dl). Blood glucose levels were set and maintained to within 4% of targeted levels by an artificial insulin/glucose infusion system (Biostator). Attention and fine motor skills, assessed by visual reaction time, was slowed at altered glucose levels. Performance was less impaired during hyperglycemia than hypoglycemia when a longer interstimulus interval was used, although it was still slower than normal. The time required to solve simple addition problems was increased during hypoglycemia, although reading comprehension was not affected. The possibility that some automatic brain skills are disrupted at altered glucose concentrations is discussed, while associative or inferential skills may be less affected.
CiteULike    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. J. Cox, B. P. Kovatchev, L. A. Gonder-Frederick, K. H. Summers, A. McCall, K. J. Grimm, and W. L. Clarke Relationships Between Hyperglycemia and Cognitive Performance Among Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, January 1, 2005; 28(1): 71 - 77. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. J. Sommerfield, I. J. Deary, and B. M. Frier Acute Hyperglycemia Alters Mood State and Impairs Cognitive Performance in People With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, October 1, 2004; 27(10): 2335 - 2340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. E. Greenwood, R. J. Kaplan, S. Hebblethwaite, and D. J.A. Jenkins Carbohydrate-Induced Memory Impairment in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, July 1, 2003; 26(7): 1961 - 1966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. J. Sommerfield, I. J. Deary, V. McAulay, and B. M. Frier Short-Term, Delayed, and Working Memory Are Impaired During Hypoglycemia in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes Care, February 1, 2003; 26(2): 390 - 396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. McAulay, I. J. Deary, S. C. Ferguson, and B. M. Frier Acute Hypoglycemia in Humans Causes Attentional Dysfunction While Nonverbal Intelligence Is Preserved Diabetes Care, October 1, 2001; 24(10): 1745 - 1750. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Fontbonne, C. Berr, P. Ducimetière, and A. Alpérovitch Changes in Cognitive Abilities Over a 4-Year Period Are Unfavorably Affected in Elderly Diabetic Subjects: Results of the Epidemiology of Vascular Aging Study Diabetes Care, February 1, 2001; 24(2): 366 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. Kail, C. A. Wolters, S. L. Yu, and J. W. Hagen Brief Report: Speed of Information Processing in Children With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus J. Pediatr. Psychol., October 1, 2000; 25(7): 515 - 520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Lobmann, H. G. O. M. Smid, G. Pottag, K. Wagner, H.-J. Heinze, and H. Lehnert Impairment and Recovery of Elementary Cognitive Function Induced by Hypoglycemia in Type-1 Diabetic Patients and Healthy Controls J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2000; 85(8): 2758 - 2766. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. D. Curb, B. L. Rodriguez, R. D. Abbott, H. Petrovitch, G. W. Ross, K. H. Masaki, D. Foley, P. L. Blanchette, T. Harris, R. Chen, et al. Longitudinal association of vascular and Alzheimer's dementias, diabetes, and glucose tolerance Neurology, March 1, 1999; 52(5): 971 - 971. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				F. M. E. Ewing, I. J. Deary, M. W. J. Strachan, and B. M. Frier Seeing Beyond Retinopathy in Diabetes: Electrophysiological and Psychophysical Abnormalities and Alterations in Vision Endocr. Rev., August 1, 1998; 19(4): 462 - 476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. W. Desmond, J. T. Moroney, M. Sano, and Y. Stern Recovery of Cognitive Function After Stroke Stroke, October 1, 1996; 27(10): 1798 - 1803. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. F. Rovet, R. M. Ehrlich, D. Czuchta, and M. Akler Psychoeducational Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus J Learn Disabil, January 1, 1993; 26(1): 7 - 22. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. M. Delamater, S. G. Davis, J. Bubb, J. V. Santiago, J. A. Smith, and N. H. White Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose by Adolescents With Diabetes: Technical Skills and Utilization of Data The Diabetes Educator, January 1, 1989; 15(1): 56 - 61. [PDF]

				C. M. Ryan A Team Approach to the Child With Diabetes Who Is Having Academic Difficulties The Diabetes Educator, January 1, 1987; 13(1): 58 - 60. [PDF]