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Intake of Fruit, Vegetables, and Fruit Juices and Risk of Diabetes in Women

From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine (LAB), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; The Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health (TYL, FBH), Boston, MA, USA; The Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health (KJJ, FBH), Boston, MA, USA; The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (FH), Boston, MA, USA; The University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Dentistry (KJJ), San Juan, PR; and The Harvard School of Dental Medicine (KJJ), Boston, MA, USA

lbazzano{at}tulane.edu

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice intake and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 71,346 female nurses ages 38-63 years, who were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and DM in 1984 were followed for 18 years and dietary information was collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire every 4 years. Diagnosis of DM was self-reported.

RESULTS: During follow-up, 4,529 cases of DM were documented and cumulative incidence of DM was 7.4%. An increase of 3 servings/day in total fruit and vegetable consumption was not associated with development of DM (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.99; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.05) while the same increase in whole fruit consumption was associated with a lower hazard of DM (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.94). An increase of 1 serving/day in green leafy vegetable consumption was associated with a modestly lower hazard of DM (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.98), whereas the same change in fruit juice intake was associated with an increased hazard of DM (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.26).

CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of green leafy vegetables and fruit was associated with a lower hazard of DM, whereas consumption of fruit juices may be associated with an increased hazard among women.

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