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Dietary patterns and glycated hemoglobin in Japanese men and women

¹Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
²Department of Epidemiology and International Health, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan
³Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Disease
⁴Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University

nanri{at}ri.imcj.go.jp

ABSTRACT

Objective: Dietary patterns in Western populations have been linked to type 2 diabetes, but the role of diet in Japanese remains unclear. We investigated the association between major dietary patterns and glucose tolerance status as measured by glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) in Japanese adults.

Research Design And Methods: Subjects were 3,243 men and 4,667 women who participated in the baseline survey of an on-going cohort study on lifestyle-related diseases in Fukuoka, Japan. Dietary patterns were derived by using principal component analysis of the consumption of 49 food items ascertained by a food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate sex-specific odds ratios of elevated HbA_1c ( 5.5%) with adjustment for potential confounding variables.

Results: The westernized breakfast pattern characterized by frequent intake of bread but infrequent intake of rice was inversely related to HbA_1c concentrations (P for trend = 0.02 in each men and women); the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for the highest versus lowest quintiles were 0.60 (0.43-0.84) and 0.64 (0.46-0.90) for men and women, respectively. The seafood dietary pattern was positively associated with HbA_1c concentrations in men only (P for trend = 0.01). Neither the healthy nor high-fat dietary pattern was related to HbA_1c.

Conclusions: A dietary pattern featured by frequent intake of white rice may deteriorate glucose metabolism in Japanese men and women, and the salty seafood dietary pattern may have similar effect in men.

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