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Diabetes Care 28:1228-1230, 2005
© 2005 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc.


Metabolic Syndrome/Insulin Resistance Syndrome/Pre-Diabetes
Brief Report

Concentrations of Serum Vitamin D and the Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Adults

Earl S. Ford, MD, MPH1, Umed A. Ajani, MBBS, MPH1, Lisa C. McGuire, PHD1 and Simin Liu, MD, SCD2,3

1 Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
2 Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women‘s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
3 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Earl Ford, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341. E-mail: eford@cdc.gov

Abbreviations: 25(OH-D), 25-hydroxyvitamin D

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.


    INTRODUCTION
 
Accumulating research suggests that circulating concentrations of vitamin D may be inversely related to the prevalence of diabetes (1,2,3,4), to the concentration of glucose (4,5,6,7,8), and to insulin resistance (4,5,8,9). In addition, vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome (8,10), a highly prevalent condition among U.S. adults (11). Much remains to be learned, however, about the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome. Because this topic has received scant attention and the available information was derived from a small clinically based sample, we sought to examine the nature and strength of the association between serum concentrations of vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome in a large nationally representative sample of the U.S. population.


    RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
 
Between 1988 and 1994, a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian U.S. population, selected using a multistage stratified sampling design, participated in the NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Survey participants were interviewed and invited for a clinical . . . [Full Text of this Article]


    RESULTS
 

    CONCLUSIONS
 

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