HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Extract Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Shiu, A. T.Y. Articles by Thompson, D. R. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Shiu, A. T.Y. Articles by Thompson, D. R. Social Bookmarking                What's this?

The Concurrent Validity of the Chinese Version of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale

¹ Nethersole School of Nursing, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
² Centre for Health Education & Health Promotion, Hong Kong, China

Address correspondence to Ann T.Y. Shiu, MSc, RN, Nethersole School of Nursing, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Rm. 830, Esther Lee Building, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. E-mail: annshiu{at}cuhk.edu.hk

In 2003 , we developed and psychometrically tested the Chinese version of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale with 20 items (C-DES-20) (1) in 207 patients. It was cross-culturally adapted from the Diabetes Empowerment Scale, which was previously established in the U.S. (2–4) to measure the psychosocial self-efficacy of people with diabetes. The C-DES-20 ( = 0.86) contains five subscales: overcoming barriers (four items; = 0.89), determining suitable methods (five items; = 0.79), achieving goals (four items; = 0.78), obtaining support (four items; = 0.78), and coping (four items; = 0.76). The test-retest reliability of the C-DES-20 was good (intraclass correlations = 0.75, 95% CI 0.43–0.91). There was criterion validity between the C-DES-20 and HbA_1c (r = –0.17, P = 0.03).

To further determine the validity of the C-DES-20, we asked an additional 102 community-dwelling individuals with type 2 diabetes to administer the scale using structured interviews, along with a previously validated Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy scale (C-GSE10), which contains 10 items (5,6). A sample item is "I can always manage to solve difficult problems if I try hard enough." The Cronbach’s of this scale for the current sample was 0.93.

Subjects were recruited using convenience sampling from a patient-led nongovernment organization that provided peer support services. The subjects ranged from 38 to 81 years of age, and the mean (±SD) age was 58 ± 12 years. Half of the sample was female. The majority of subjects had a primary to secondary level of education, and 17% were illiterate. Thirty-nine percent were employed. The mean length of time since diagnosis was 9 ±7 years. The Pearson correlation coefficient of the two scales, C-DES-20 and C-GSE-10, was 0.63 (P = 0.001). The positive correlation remained r = 0.48 (P = 0.001), after controlling for age, education level, and adequacy of self-management knowledge, indicating concurrent validity.

These findings add another piece of evidence to support that the C-DES-20 is a valid and reliable measure. Considering its brevity and easy administration, the C-DES-20 offers a useful instrument of the psychosocial self-efficacy of Hong Kong residents with diabetes. Further study with different Chinese populations will be required to confirm the factor structure of the scale.

References

1. Shiu ATY, Wong RYM, Thompson DR: Development of a reliable and valid Chinese version of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale. Diabetes Care 26:2817–2821, 2003[Abstract/Free Full Text]
   
2. Anderson RM, Arnold MS, Funnell MM, Fitzgerald JT, Bulter PM, Feste C: Patient empowerment: results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 18:943–949, 1995[Abstract]
   
3. Anderson RM, Funnell MM, Fitzgerald JT, Marrero DG: Diabetes Empowerment Scale: a measure of psychosocial self-efficacy. Diabetes Care 23:739–743, 2000[Abstract/Free Full Text]
   
4. Anderson RM, Fitzgerald JT, Gruppen LD, Funnell MM, Oh MS: The Diabetes Empowerment Scale–Short Form (DES-SF) (Letter). Diabetes Care 26:1641–1642, 2003[Free Full Text]
   
5. Zhang JX, Schwarzer R: Measuring optimistic self-beliefs: a Chinese adaptation of the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Psychologia 38:174–181, 1995
   
6. Cheung SK, Sun SYK: Assessment of optimistic self-beliefs: further validation of the Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Psychol Rep 85:1221–1224, 1999[Medline]
   

CiteULike

Del.icio.us

Digg

Reddit

Technorati

This article has been cited by other articles:

				Y. Miura, N. Yamamoto, S. Tsunekawa, S. Taguchi, Y. Eguchi, N. Ozaki, and Y. Oiso Replacement of Valsartan and Candesartan by Telmisartan in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Metabolic and antiatherogenic consequences Diabetes Care, March 1, 2005; 28(3): 757 - 758. [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article Extract Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Shiu, A. T.Y. Articles by Thompson, D. R. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Shiu, A. T.Y. Articles by Thompson, D. R. Social Bookmarking                What's this?