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Breast-Feeding and Risk for Childhood Obesity

Response to Mayer-Davis et al.

From Shushrusha Hospital, Mumbai, India

Address correspondence to Dr. Manisha Talim, Shushrusha Hospital, 698-B Ranade Rd., Dadar, Mumbai 400028, India. E-mail: drmanishatalim{at}yahoo.com

The study by Mayer-Davis et al. (1) reflects the fact that maternal nutrition plays an important role in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Breast milk contains linoleic acid (of the n-6 polyunsatured fatty acids [PUFA] series) and linolenic acid (of the n-3 PUFA series) as well as longer chain derivatives, such as arachidonic acid (of the n-6 PUFA series) and docosahexanoic acid (of the n-3 PUFA series). Maternal intake determines content of breast milk, which ultimately affects the infant’s future health. Childhood obesity is probably an immune inflammatory response to a faulty diet of the mother (before and during gestation and lactation) consisting of high n-6 PUFAs, low n-3 PUFAs, and deranged n-6–to–n-3 ratio (2). In those who are breast-fed, breast milk provides longer-chain n-3 PUFAs, which prevent ectopic accumulation of fatty acids in muscle and liver (3,4). Formula feeding does not provide this benefit. Cow’s milk content depends on whether it is pasture fed (more n-3 PUFAs) or given commercial feeds (more n-6 PUFAs). Breast-fed infants have a muscle membrane fatty acid composition similar to insulin-sensitive adults, and formula-fed infants have a muscle membrane fatty acid composition similar to insulin-resistant adults (5). Correcting n-6 and n-3 PUFAs in the diet is currently needed for changing global health for one and all.

References

1. Mayer-Davis EJ, Rifes-Shiman SL, Zhou L, Hu FB, Colditz GA, Gillman MW: Breast-feeding and risk for childhood obesity. Diabetes Care 29:2231–2237, 2006[Abstract/Free Full Text]
   
2. Raheja BS, Talim M: Dietary fats and their lipid toxicity: role in pathogenesis of CHD, diabetes and cancer. Jour Diab Assoc India 38:1–11, 1998
   
3. Todoric J, Loffler M, Huber J, Bilban M, Reimers M, Kadl A, Zeyda M, Waldhausl W, Stulnig TM: Adipose tissue inflammation induced by high-fat diet in obese diabetic mice is prevented by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Diabetologia 49: 2109–2119, 2006
   
4. Carpentier YA, Portois L, Malaisse WJ: N-3 fatty acids and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 83(Suppl. 6):1499s–1504s, 2006
   
5. Baur LA, O’Connor J, Pan DA, Kriketos AD, Storlein LH: The fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle membrane phospholipid: its relation with the type of feeding and plasma glucose levels in young children. Metabolism 47:106–112, 1998[Medline]
   

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