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Influence of breastfeeding on obesity and type 2 diabetes risk factors in Latino youth with a family history of type 2 diabetes

¹Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
²Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
³Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
⁴Pediatrics, LAC-USC Medical Center

goran{at}usc.edu

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether breastfeeding is related to total and regional adiposity, and glucose and insulin dynamics in overweight Latino youth throughout puberty.

RESEARCH DESIGN: The relations between breastfeeding and diabetes risk were determined in 240 overweight (BMI 85^th percentile) Latino children (8 to 13 years) with a positive family history of type 2 diabetes. Children were examined at baseline (Tanner pubertal stage 1) and for 2 more years as they advanced in pubertal maturation. Children were divided into the following categories never breastfed (n=102), breastfed 0 to 5.99 months (n=61), breastfed 6 to 11.99 months (n=24) and breastfed 12 months (n=53). Tanner pubertal stage was determined by physical examination. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat were determined by magnetic resonance imagining and total body fat, total lean tissue mass and % body fat were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting and post-challenge glucose were assessed with a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response (AIR), and disposition index (DI; an index of ß-cell function) were measured by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling. Data were analyzed using linear mixed effects (LME) modeling.

RESULTS: There were no significant effects of breastfeeding categories on adiposity (i.e., total fat mass, total lean tissue mass, % body fat), fat distribution (visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat), fasting glucose or 2-hour glucose, and insulin dynamics (SI, AIR, and DI), at Tanner pubertal stage 1 or on changes in these variables over pubertal transitions in overweight Latino youth.

Conclusions In this population of high-risk Latino youth, there were no significant protective effects of breastfeeding on adiposity or type 2 diabetes risk factors at Tanner pubertal stage 1 or across advances in maturation.

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