HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: dc06-2188v1 30/4/974    most recent Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Mendoza, J. A Articles by Christakis, D. A Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Mendoza, J. A Articles by Christakis, D. A Social Bookmarking                What's this?

Dietary Energy Density is Associated with Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in US Adults

¹Children's Nutrition Research Center and Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
²Center for Public Health Nutrition, Exploratory Center for Obesity Research, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
³Child Health Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA

jason.mendoza{at}bcm.edu

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:: Rising obesity rates have been linked to the consumption of energy-dense diets. We examined whether dietary energy density was associated with obesity and related disorders including insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:: We conducted a cross-sectional study using nationally representative data of US adults 20 years of age from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=9688). Dietary energy density was calculated based on foods only. We used a series of multivariate linear regression models to determine the independent association between dietary energy density, obesity measures (BMI (kg/m²) and waist circumference (cm)), glycemia, or insulinemia. We used multivariate Poisson regression models to determine the independent association between dietary energy density and the metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol and Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel III).

RESULTS:: Dietary energy density was independently and significantly associated with higher BMI in women (ß=0.44, 95% CI [0.14, 0.73)]) and trended towards a significant association in men (ß=0.37, 95% CI [-0.007, 0.74)], P=0.054). Dietary energy density was associated with higher waist circumference in women (ß=1.11, 95% CI [0.42, 1.80]) and men (ß=1.33, 95% CI [0.46, 2.19]). Dietary energy density was also independently associated with elevated fasting insulin (ß=0.65, 95% CI [0.18, 1.12]) and with the metabolic syndrome (prevalence ratio=1.10, 95% CI [1.03, 1.17]).

CONCLUSIONS:: Dietary energy density is an independent predictor of obesity, elevated fasting insulin levels, and the metabolic syndrome in US adults. Intervention studies to reduce dietary energy density are warranted.

Key Words: nutrition • dietary energy density • obesity • overweight • metabolic syndrome

CiteULike    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. Schroder, J. Vila, J. Marrugat, and M.-I. Covas Low Energy Density Diets Are Associated with Favorable Nutrient Intake Profile and Adequacy in Free-Living Elderly Men and Women J. Nutr., August 1, 2008; 138(8): 1476 - 1481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Darmon and A. Drewnowski Does social class predict diet quality? Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1107 - 1117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. A McCaffrey, K. L Rennie, M. A Kerr, J. M Wallace, M. P Hannon-Fletcher, W A. Coward, S. A Jebb, and M B. E Livingstone Energy density of the diet and change in body fatness from childhood to adolescence; is there a relation? Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1230 - 1237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Drewnowski The Real Contribution of Added Sugars and Fats to Obesity Epidemiol. Rev., June 24, 2007; (2007) mxm011v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]