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DISORDERS OF GLUCOSE REGULATION IN ADULTS AND BIRTHWEIGHT: RESULTS FROM THE AUSTRALIAN DIABETES, OBESITY AND LIFESTYLE STUDY (AUSDIAB)

¹Centre for Chronic Disease, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
²Discipline of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, the University of Queensland
³International Diabetes Institute, Melbourne

i.alsalmi{at}uq.edu.au

ABSTRACT

Objective: To examine the association of birthweight with indices of glycemia in a population based survey.

Methods: 10,788 AusDiab participants were asked to complete a birthweight questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post load glucose (PLG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were modelled against birthweight. World Health Organization criteria were used for defining impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus.

Results: Among 7,157 participants who responded to the questionnaire, 4,502 reported their birthweights, with a mean (SD) of 3.4 (0.7) kg. FPG, PLG and HbA1c were strongly and inversely correlated with birthweight. The ORs (95% CI) for high (> 90^th gender-specific percentile) FPG, PLG and HbA1c were 0.83 (0.71, 0.96), 0.74 (0.65, 0.84) and 0.81 (0.70, 0.94) respectively, for one kg increase in birthweight after adjustment for age and sex. In those with LBW, the risks for having IFG, IGT, diabetes and all abnormalities combined were increased by 1.75, 2.22, 2.76 and 2.28 for females and by 1.40, 1.32, 1.98 and 1.49 for males compared to those with NBW, respectively. These trends applied across categories of age and body mass index (BMI).

Conclusion: In an affluent western country with a good adult health profile, birthweight has an inverse relationship with indices of glycemia, and LBW people were predisposed to higher rates of glycemic dysregulation in adult life. These associations were independent of BMI, and other factors significantly correlated with glycemic dysregulation.

Key Words: Birthweight • diabetes • glucose • IFG • IGT • HbA1c

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