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Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Predictor of Cancer Mortality among Men with Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes

¹Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
²School of Kinesiology and Health Studies and Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
³Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC

tim.church{at}pbrc.edu

ABSTRACT

Objective: To examine the risk of cancer mortality across levels of fitness and to examine the fitness-mortality relation for site-specific cancers in men with pre-diabetes and diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We examined the fitness-mortality relation for all-cause and site-specific cancer mortality among 18 858 men with pre-diabetes and 2,805 men with diabetes (mean age [SD]: 46.3 [9.7] years) from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. We identified 719 cancer deaths during 354 558 man-years of risk. The mean (SD) duration of follow-up was 16.4 (7.8) years (range < 1 yr to 30.0 years).

Results: In men with pre-diabetes, moderate (HR [95% CI]: 0.71 [0.57–0.88]) and high fitness (0.76 [0.60–0.96]) were associated with lower risk of cancer mortality compared with the low fit group, in a model adjusted for age, examination year, smoking, alcohol use, fasting glucose concentration, previous cancer, and body mass index. Similarly, for individuals with diabetes, moderate (0.53 [0.35–0.82]) and high fitness (0.44 [0.26–0.73]) were associated with lower risk of cancer mortality compared with the low fit group. Among all men, being fit was associated with a lower risk of mortality from gastrointestinal (0.55 [0.39–0.77]), colorectal (0.53 [0.30–0.96], liver (0.22 [0.07–0.71]), and lung cancer (0.43 [0.30–0.60]).

Conclusions: In men with pre-diabetes and diabetes, higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with lower risk of cancer mortality, particularly cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, compared with those who had low levels of fitness.

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