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Distinct Component Profiles and High Risk among African Americans with the Metabolic Syndrome: The Jackson Heart Study

¹Jackson Heart Study, Jackson State University, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, USA

htaylor{at}medicine.umsmed.edu

ABSTRACT

Objective: African American (AA) health is seriously threatened by unremitting epidemics of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the AA population has not been investigated widely. This study examined the prevalence of MetS and assessed its cross-sectional relationship to CVD in Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohort.

Research Design and Methods: 5302 participants aged 21 years who recruited in the baseline during 2000-2004 were analyzed for this study. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were estimated in a logistic regression analysis for coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CBD) in those with and without co-existing MetS. Diabetic participants were excluded.

Results: Among ages 35-84, MetS prevalence was 43.3% in women and 32.7% in men. Elevated blood pressure (70.4%), abdominal obesity (64.6%), and low HDL-C (37.2%) were highly prevalent among those with MetS. Prevalence rates for CVD, CHD and CBD were 12.8%, 8.7%, and 5.8%, respectively. After adjustment for age and sex, MetS was associated with increased age- and sex-adjusted OR for CVD (OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.4-2.1), CHD (1.7; CI 1.4-2.2) and CBD (1.7; CI 1.3-2.3), compared to those without CVD, CHD or CBD.

Conclusion: MetS prevalence in the JHS is among the highest reported for population-based cohorts worldwide and significantly associated with increased OR for CVD, CHD and CBD. Abdominal obesity, increased blood pressure and low HDL-C (without triglyceride elevation) are surprisingly prominent. High prevalence of low HDL emerges as a leading contributor to MetS among AA in this large AA cohort.

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