HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Online-Only Appendix Online-Only Appendix All Versions of this Article: dc07-1829v1 dc07-1829v2 31/4/701    most recent Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by de Boer, I. H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by de Boer, I. H. Social Bookmarking                What's this?

Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of incident diabetes mellitus in the Women's Health Initiative

¹Ian H. de Boer, MD, MS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
²Lesley F. Tinker, PhD, RD, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute, Seattle, WA
³Stephanie Connelly, MD, MPH, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN
⁴J. David Curb, MD, MPH, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
⁵Barbara V. Howard, MD, PhD, Medstar Research Institute, Washington, DC
⁶Bryan Kestenbaum, MD, MS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
⁷Joseph C. Larson, MS, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute, Seattle, WA
⁸JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH, Harvard University, Boston, MA
⁹Karen L. Margolis, MD, MPH, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
¹⁰David S. Siscovick, MD, MPH, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
¹¹Noel S. Weiss, MD, DrPH, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

deboer{at}u.washington.edu

ABSTRACT

Objective: Experimental and epidemiologic studies suggest that calcium and vitamin D may reduce the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. We examined the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of drug-treated diabetes in postmenopausal women.

Research Design And Methods: The Women's Health Initiative calcium/vitamin D trial randomly assigned postmenopausal women to receive 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily, or placebo, in a double-blind fashion. Among 33,951 participants without self-reported diabetes at baseline, we ascertained by treatment assignment new diagnoses of diabetes treated with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin. Effects of the intervention on fasting measurements of glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance were examined among a subset of participants.

Results: Over a median follow-up time of 7 years, 2,291 women were newly diagnosed with diabetes. The hazard ratio for incident diabetes associated with calcium/vitamin D treatment was 1.01 (95% confidence interval 0.94, 1.10) based on intention to treat. This null result was robust in subgroup analyses, efficacy analyses accounting for nonadherence, and analyses examining change in laboratory measurements.

Conclusions: Calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation did not reduce the risk of developing diabetes over seven years of follow-up in this randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Higher doses of vitamin D may be required to affect diabetes risk, and/or associations of calcium and vitamin D intake with improved glucose metabolism observed in nonrandomized studies may be the result of confounding or of other components of foods containing these nutrients.

CiteULike    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?