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Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print published online ahead of print March 25, 2008
DOI: 10.2337/dc07-2019

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Original Research

Screening for depressive symptoms: Validation of the CES-D scale in a multi-ethnic group of patients with diabetes in Singapore

D Stahl, MD*, CF Sum, FRCPE*, SS Lum, BA*, PS Liow, MMed(Psychiatry)*, YH Chan, PhD@, S Verma, MD#, HC Chua, MMed(Psychiatry)# and SA Chong, MMed(Psychiatry)#

*Diabetes Centre, Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore
#Clinical Research, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
@Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin, National University of Singapore

chee_fang_sum{at}alexhosp.com.sg

ABSTRACT

Objective: We determined the reliability and validity of the CES-D, against the DSM IV–based diagnostic inventory, SCAN, in a multiethnic sample of adult subjects with diabetes attending a diabetes centre in Singapore.

Research Design & Methods: 522 subjects (74.7% Chinese, 11.1% Malay, 14.2% Indian) completed culturally adapted versions of the CES-D. 291 subjects were administered the SCAN inventory.

Results & Conclusions: The CES-D proved to be a reliable instrument for identifying patients with depressive symptoms in the multiethnic setting of this study. The CES-D (cut-off score 16) showed high NPV of more than 90% in all three ethnic groups. The prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D) and depression (SCAN) was significantly different between the Chinese & Indians (CES-D 27.4% vs 43.2%) (p=0.006); (SCAN 15.0% vs 31.1%) (p=0.01).


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