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Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print published online ahead of print March 10, 2008
DOI: 10.2337/dc07-2298
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Original Research

Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Feature of the Metabolic Syndrome in Older Men and Women: The DR's EXTRA Study

Maija Hassinen, MSc1, Timo A. Lakka, MD1,,2, Kai Savonen, MD1, Hannu Litmanen, MD1, Leena Kiviaho, MSc1, David E. Laaksonen, MD2,,3, Pirjo Komulainen, MSc1 and Rainer Rauramaa, MD1,,4

1Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Finland
2Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio, Finland
3Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
4Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland

Maija.Hassinen{at}uku.fi

ABSTRACT

Objective: We studied the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older men and women, because such data are limited in representative population samples.

Research Design and Methods: We studied a population sample of 671 men and 676 women aged 57-79 years at baseline of a randomized controlled intervention study. We assessed maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) by respiratory gas analysis during a maximal bicycle exercise test.

Results: VO2max had a strong, inverse and graded association with the risk of having MetS as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Men and women in the lowest third of VO2max had a 10.2 and 10.8-fold higher risk and those in the middle third had 2.9 and 4.7-fold higher risk (P<0.001 all) of MetS than those with the highest VO2max after multivariable adjustments. Factor analysis generated a principal factor that was strongly loaded by the main components of MetS and VO2max (-0.68 in men, -0.70 in women).

Conclusions: Low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with MetS in older men and women. Our findings suggest that low cardiorespiratory fitness could be considered a feature of MetS.(ISRCTN45977199).


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