Effects of Dose of Ingested Glucose on Plasma Metabolite and Hormone Responses in Type II Diabetic Subjects
- Mary C Gannon, PhD,
- Frank Q Nuttall, MD, PhD,
- Sydney A Westphal, MD,
- Brian J Neil, MD and
- Elizabeth R Seaquist, MD
- Metabolic Research Laboratory and Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Veterans Administration Medical Center; and the Departments of Medicine and Food Service and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Mary C. Cannon, PhD, Nutritional Biochemist, Metabolic Research (111G), Veterans Administration Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417.
Abstract
Ten untreated type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects were given 15, 25, 35, and 50 g glucose orally. Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, urea n trogen, a-amino acid nitrogen, and lactate concentrations were measured, and net 5-h postprandial areas were calculated. The net glucose-area response to the ingested glucose dose (with the 0-time value as a constant baseline) was best described by a second-order polynomial equation, whereas insulin-area response was best described by a third-order equation. In a separate study, 5 untreated type II diabetic subjects were given only water, and the same metabolites and hormones were measured. Data from this study indicated that the baseline was not constant during the 5 h of study but decreased progressively. The net glucose-area and insulin-area responses to ingested glucose dose (with the decreasing baseline) were then best described by third-order equations. Glucagon, α-amino acid nitrogen, and lactate concentrations were exquisitely sensitive to a rise in glucose and insulin concentrations. These were all decreased with the lowest concentration of glucose used. At this dose of glucose, the increase in insulin was only 15 μU/ml.
- Copyright © 1989 by the American Diabetes Association
