The Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form (DES-SF)
- Robert M. Anderson, EDD1,
- James T. Fitzgerald, PHD1,
- Larry D. Gruppen, PHD1,
- Martha M. Funnell, MS, RN, CDE2 and
- Mary S. Oh, BS1
- 1University of Michigan, DRTC, Department of Medical Education, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- 2University of Michigan, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
In 2000 we developed the Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES) to measure the psychosocial self-efficacy of people with diabetes. The original questionnaire contained 37 items representing eight conceptual dimensions (i.e., assessing the need for change, developing a plan, overcoming barriers, asking for support, supporting oneself, coping with emotion, motivating oneself, and making diabetes care choices appropriate for one’s priorities and circumstances). Using factor analyses the questionnaire was reduced to the current 28-item DES (α = …
