Concept, Strategies, and Feasibility of Noninvasive Insulin Delivery
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to William T. Cefalu, MD, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70808. E-mail: cefalu{at}pbrc.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE—To comprehensively review the progress to date on the development of alternative routes for insulin delivery.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Study data were collected through a Medline review.
RESULTS—Proof of principle has been established for many routes of administration including dermal, nasal, oral, buccal, and pulmonary insulin delivery.
CONCLUSIONS—Of all the approaches to date, pulmonary delivery appears to be most feasible. Ongoing phase III studies will ultimately determine safety, tolerability, and efficacy before approval for clinical use.
- DLCO, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity
- HIM2, hexyl-insulin-monoconjugate-2
- iDMS, insulin diabetes management system
Footnotes
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W.T.C. has received honoraria for speaking engagements from Pfizer, Merck, Lilly, Takeda, Aventis, and Novartis and has received grant support from Pfizer, Merck, Novartis, RW Johnson, Dexcom, and Bristol-Myers Squibb.
W.T.C. is currently affiliated with the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
A table elsewhere in this issue shows conventional and Système International (SI) units and conversion factors for many substances.
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- Accepted September 17, 2003.
- Received March 14, 2003.
- DIABETES CARE
