Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated With Insulin Resistance in Children Persist Into Late Adolescence
- Peter D. Reaven, MD1,
- Tinna Traustadóttir, PHD2,
- Jesse Brennan, MA3 and
- Philip R. Nader, MD3
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carl T. Hayden Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- 2Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
- 3Division of Community Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Philip R. Nader, MD, Division of Community Pediatrics, Mail Code 0927, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0927. E-mail: pnader{at}ucsd.edu
The current report is a follow-up evaluation of a cohort of Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white children 5.5 years after the previous study (1) to determine whether the increased features of insulin resistance observed in these Mexican Americans at age 11 years were still present at age 17 years. Furthermore, we determined which of these measures in childhood would best predict the risk for the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) at age 17 years. As inflammation has recently been recognized as potentially playing important roles in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (2–4), measures of C-reactive protein (CRP) were also assessed in the follow-up study.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study cohort was the San Diego Study of Children’s Activity and Nutrition, an ongoing observational study that began when the subjects were 4 years of age (with follow-up assessments at intervals of ∼5–7 years) and consisted of non-Hispanic white and Mexican-American children recruited through state-funded daycare programs. Detailed methods and health behavior results have been previously reported (1,5–11). The current study sample includes 83 adolescents: 29 non-Hispanic white (17 males and 12 females) and 54 Mexican-American (25 males and 29 females) subjects who had completed study visits at age 11 and again at age 17 years. Based on demographic and laboratory data, there was no evidence of a bias in the drop out of subjects between study visits. All blood samples were obtained in the fasting state.
Anthropometric and blood pressure measures
Height, weight, waist circumference, …
