Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes
- American Diabetes Association
- ABI, ankle-brachial index
- AMI, acute myocardial infarction
- ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CBG, capillary blood glucose
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CHF, congestive heart failure
- CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin injection
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DCCB, dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
- DCCT, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
- DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis
- DPP, Diabetes Prevention Program
- DSME, diabetes self-management education
- DRS, Diabetic Retinopathy Study
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
- ESRD, end-stage renal disease
- ETDRS, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study
- FPG, fasting plasma glucose
- GCT, glucose challenge test
- GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- HRC, high-risk characteristic
- ICU, intensive care unit
- IFG, impaired fasting glucose
- IGT, impaired glucose tolerance
- MNT, medical nutrition therapy
- NPDR, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
- OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test
- PAD, peripheral arterial disease
- PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- PPG, postprandial plasma glucose
- SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose
- UKPDS, U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study
CONTENTS
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CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS
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Classification
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Diagnosis
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SCREENING FOR DIABETES
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DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM)
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PREVENTION/DELAY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES
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DIABETES CARE
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Initial evaluation
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Management
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Glycemic control
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Assessment of glycemic control
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Self-monitoring of blood glucose
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A1C
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Glycemic goals
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Medical nutrition therapy
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Physical activity
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Psychosocial assessment and care
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Referral for diabetes management
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Intercurrent illness
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Immunization
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PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES COMPLICATIONS
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Cardiovascular disease
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Hypertension/blood pressure control
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Dyslipidemia/lipid management
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Anti-platelet agents
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Smoking cessation
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Coronary heart disease screening and treatment
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Nephropathy screening and treatment
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Retinopathy screening and treatment
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Foot care
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DIABETES CARE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
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Children and adolescents
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Preconception care
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Older individuals
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DIABETES CARE IN SPECIFIC SETTINGS
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Diabetes care in the hospital
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Diabetes care in the school and day care setting
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Diabetes care at diabetes camps
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Diabetes care at correctional institutions
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HYPOGLYCEMIA AND EMPLOYMENT/LICENSURE
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THIRD-PARTY REIMBURSEMENT FOR DIABETES CARE, SELF-MANAGEMENT EDUCATION, AND SUPPLIES
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STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE
Diabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes.
These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 …
