Assessing the Impact of Visual Acuity on Quality of Life in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Using the Short Form-36

  1. Philip M. Clarke, PHD123,
  2. Judit Simon, MD2,
  3. Carole A. Cull, PHD1 and
  4. Rury R. Holman, FRCP1
  1. 1Diabetes Trials Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K.
  2. 2Health Economics Research Centre, Division of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
  3. 3School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  1. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Philip Clarke, Health Economics Research Centre, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, U.K. E-mail: philip.clarke{at}dphpc.ox.ac.uk

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—We sought to ascertain quality-of-life measures and utility values associated with visual acuity in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Medical Outcome Study Short Form with 36 items (SF-36) was administered to 4,051 individuals with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled in the Lipids in Diabetes Study, and their best attainable vision was determined using an Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart, expressed as a LogMAR score. Eight domain scores and a utility value representing an overall quality-of-life score were calculated using predefined algorithms. The associations between quality of life measured and best-eye visual acuity were assessed graphically and by regression analysis.

RESULTS—All eight SF-36 domain scores were negatively associated with reduced visual acuity. The impact of lower levels of visual acuity ranged from a decline of 1.3 units for a 0.1-LogMAR increase for physical functioning and 0.6 units in mental health. Regression analysis indicated a negative association (P < 0.001) between utility and reduced visual acuity after controlling for sex, BMI, smoking status, and history of diabetes complications. Patients whose LogMAR scores equated to legally blind had, on average, 0.054 (95% CI 0.034–0.074) lower utility compared with patients with normal visual acuity.

CONCLUSIONS—Reduced visual acuity is negatively associated with quality of life. The utility scores estimated here should inform studies quantifying the burden of diabetes and those evaluating potential therapies for treating or preventing diabetic eye diseases.

Footnotes

  • A table elsewhere in this issue shows conventional and Système International (SI) units and conversion factors for many substances.

    The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

    • Accepted March 19, 2006.
    • Received November 4, 2005.
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  1. doi: 10.2337/dc05-2150 Diabetes Care July 2006 vol. 29 no. 7 1506-1511
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