Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes–2006
- American Diabetes Association
- ABI, ankle-brachial index
- AMI, acute myocatdial infarction
- ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CBG, capillary blood glucose
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CHF, congestive heart failure
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DCCB, dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
- DCCT, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
- DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis
- DMMP, diabetes medical management plan
- DPN, distal symmetric polyneuropathy
- DPP, Diabetes Prevention Program
- DRI, dietary reference intake
- DRS, Diabetic Retinopathy Study
- DSME, diabetes self-management education
- DSMT, diabetes self-management training
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- ESRD, end-stage renal disease
- ETDRS, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FPG, fasting plasma glucose
- GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- HRC, high-risk characteristic
- ICU, intensive care unit
- IFG, impaired fasting glucose
- IGT, impaired glucose tolerance
- MNT, medical nutrition therapy
- NPDR, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
- OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test
- PAD, peripheral arterial disease
- PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- PPG, postprandial plasma glucose
- RDA, recommended dietary allowance
- SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose
- TZD, thiazolidinedione
- UKPDS, U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study
CONTENTS
I. CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS, p. S4
A. Classification
B. Diagnosis
II. SCREENING FOR DIABETES, p. S5
III. DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS, p. S7
IV. PREVENTION/DELAY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES, p. S7
V. DIABETES CARE, p. S8
A. Initial evaluation
B. Management
C. Glycemic control
1. Assessment of glycemic control
a. Self-monitoring of blood glucose
b. A1C
2. Glycemic goals
D. Medical nutrition therapy
E. Diabetes self-management education
F. Physical activity
G. Psychosocial assessment and care
H. Referral for diabetes management
I. Intercurrent illness
J. Hypoglycemia
K. Immunization
VI. PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES COMPLICATIONS, p. S17
A. Cardiovascular disease
1. Hypertension/blood pressure control
2. Dyslipidemia/lipid management
3. Antiplatelet agents
4. Smoking cessation
5. Coronary heart disease screening and treatment
B. Nephropathy screening and treatment
C. Retinopathy screening and treatment
D. Neuropathy screening and treatment
E. Foot care
VII. DIABETES CARE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS, p. S26
A. Children and adolescents
B. Preconception care
C. Older individuals
VIII. DIABETES CARE IN SPECIFIC SETTINGS, p. S29
A. Diabetes care in the hospital
B. Diabetes care in the school and day care setting
C. Diabetes care at diabetes camps
D. Diabetes management in correctional institutions
IX. HYPOGLYCEMIA AND EMPLOYMENT/LICENSURE, p. S34
X. THIRD-PARTY REIMBURSEMENT FOR DIABETES CARE, SELF-MANAGEMENT EDUCATION, AND SUPPLIES, p. S34
XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE, p. S34
Diabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes.
These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, …
