Prospective Study of Hyperglycemia and Cancer Risk
Table 2—
RR of cancer according to fasting and postload glucose in quartiles in the Västerbotten Intervention Project, northern Sweden
| 1 (referent) | 2 | 3 | 4 | Ptrend* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | |||||
| All sites | |||||
| Fasting glucose (n = 1,428) | |||||
| No cases | 270 | 290 | 354 | 514 | |
| Rate† | 458 | 430 | 473 | 587 | |
| RR (95% CI)‡ | 1 | 0.94 (0.79–1.11) | 1.03 (0.87–1.21) | 1.26 (1.09–1.47) | <0.001 |
| Postload glucose (n = 1,328) | |||||
| No cases | 261 | 267 | 345 | 455 | |
| Rate | 430 | 460 | 474 | 549 | |
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) | 1.11 (0.95–1.31) | 1.31 (1.12–1.52) | <0.001 |
| Breast | |||||
| Fasting (n = 510) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 1.03 (0.79–1.34) | 1.06 (0.82–1.37) | 0.454 |
| Postload (n = 479) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.93 (0.70–1.24) | 1.22 (0.95–1.59) | 1.20 (0.93–1.55) | 0.069 |
| Breast (aged <49 years) | |||||
| Fasting (n = 92) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.65 (0.26–1.5) | 1.88 (1.0–3.6) | 2.13 (1.2–4.1) | 0.002 |
| Postload (n = 88) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.02 (0.50–2.1) | 1.86 (1.1–3.5) | 1.37 (0.73–2.6) | 0.213 |
| Breast (aged ≥49 years) | |||||
| Fasting (n = 418) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.91 (0.69–1.2) | 0.94 (0.72–1.2) | 0.90 (0.68–1.2) | 0.492 |
| Postload (n = 391) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.01 (0.75–1.4) | 1.08 (0.81–1.4) | 1.23 (0.93–1.6) | 0.113 |
| Ovarian | |||||
| Fasting (n = 90) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.39 (0.19–0.78) | 0.76 (0.42–1.35) | 0.89 (0.52–1.54) | 0.824 |
| Postload (n = 84) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.64 (0.32–1.23) | 0.71 (0.38–1.30) | 0.94 (0.53–1.65) | 0.955 |
| Endometrium | |||||
| Fasting (n = 117) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.32 (0.73–2.46) | 1.16 (0.63–2.17) | 1.86 (1.09–3.31) | 0.019 |
| Postload (n = 109) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.37 (0.75–2.57) | 0.84 (0.44–1.61) | 1.82 (1.07–3.23) | 0.028 |
| Men | |||||
| All sites | |||||
| Fasting glucose (n = 1,241) | |||||
| No cases | 257 | 265 | 289 | 430 | |
| Rate | 454 | 436 | 452 | 475 | |
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.99 (0.83–1.17) | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) | 0.259 |
| Postload glucose (n = 1,150) | |||||
| No cases | 248 | 246 | 281 | 375 | |
| Rate | 477 | 437 | 446 | 458 | |
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) | 0.97 (0.82–1.16) | 0.98 (0.84–1.16) | 0.992 |
| Prostate | |||||
| Fasting (n = 458) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.02 (0.77–1.35) | 0.97 (0.73–1.29) | 0.96 (0.74–1.26) | 0.713 |
| Postload (n = 425) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.83 (0.62–1.10) | 0.71 (0.53–0.95) | 0.79 (0.61–1.02) | 0.074 |
| Women and men combined | |||||
| Stomach | |||||
| Fasting (n = 71) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.99 (0.42–2.21) | 1.36 (0.70–2.73) | 1.46 (0.75–2.94) | 0.205 |
| Postload (n = 63) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.53 (0.74–3.22) | 1.35 (0.64–2.88) | 1.23 (0.59–2.63) | 0.717 |
| Colon | |||||
| Fasting (n = 147) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.95 (0.55–1.62) | 0.90 (0.56–1.46) | 1.16 (0.74–1.85) | 0.470 |
| Postload (n = 138) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.13 (0.66–1.94) | 1.17 (0.70–1.97) | 1.23 (0.76–2.03) | 0.422 |
| Rectum | |||||
| Fasting (n = 87) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.18 (0.59–2.32) | 0.99 (0.53–1.87) | 1.13 (0.62–2.12) | 0.782 |
| Postload (n = 82) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.63 (0.30–1.27) | 1.10 (0.61–2.01) | 0.90 (0.49–1.66) | 0.978 |
| Pancreas | |||||
| Fasting (n = 62) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.19 (0.47–2.97) | 1.11 (0.49–2.59) | 2.49 (1.23–5.45) | 0.006 |
| Postload (n = 56) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.42 (0.16–0.97) | 0.57 (0.26–1.23) | 0.91 (0.47–1.78) | 0.910 |
| Kidney | |||||
| Fasting (n = 44) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.35 (0.46–3.97) | 1.49 (0.60–4.02) | 2.08 (0.88–5.50) | 0.092 |
| Postload (n = 41) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.40 (0.49–4.27) | 1.97 (0.77–5.68) | 1.76 (0.69–5.06) | 0.247 |
| Urinary tract | |||||
| Fasting (n = 97) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.05 (0.50–2.20) | 1.38 (0.75–2.61) | 1.69 (0.95–3.16) | 0.049 |
| Postload (n = 83) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.31 (0.72–2.40) | 0.85 (0.43–1.65) | 1.18 (0.65–2.17) | 0.781 |
| Respiratory tract | |||||
| Fasting (n = 114) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.08 (0.58–1.98) | 0.83 (0.47–1.48) | 1.40 (0.85–2.38) | 0.178 |
| Postload (n = 104) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.88 (0.48–1.59) | 1.19 (0.68–2.06) | 1.13 (0.67–1.94) | 0.510 |
| Melanoma | |||||
| Fasting (n = 92) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.41 (0.66–3.04) | 2.14 (1.15–4.24) | 2.16 (1.14–4.35) | 0.013 |
| Postload (n = 88) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.16 (0.59–2.30) | 1.50 (0.80–2.89) | 1.65 (0.89–3.17) | 0.086 |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | |||||
| Fasting (n = 89) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 0.84 (0.42–1.64) | 0.99 (0.56–1.77) | 0.89 (0.49–1.62) | 0.786 |
| Postload (n = 77) | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | 1 | 3.06 (1.42–7.35) | 3.05 (1.42–7.30) | 2.53 (1.16–6.11) | 0.081 |
- *
↵* Test for trend was performed using class medians as scores.
- †
↵† Directly standardized rate per 100,000 person-years.
- ‡
↵‡ Risk ratio estimated from Poisson model with likelihood ratio CIs. Risk was adjusted for age, calendar year, and smoking, by including these covariates into the statistical model.
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Diabetes Care March 2007 vol. 30 no. 3 561-567
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