The Effects of Hypogonadism on Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
- Sandeep Dhindsa, MD1,
- Vishal Bhatia, MD2,
- Gurkiran Dhindsa, MBBS1,
- Ajay Chaudhuri, MD2,
- Gopalakrishna Murthi Gollapudi, MD, PHD1 and
- Paresh Dandona, MBBS, DPHIL2
- 1Diabetes Center of the Southwest, Midland, Texas
- 2Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo and Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Sandeep Dhindsa, MD, Diabetes Center of the Southwest, 10 Desta Dr., Suite 190, Midland, TX 79707. E-mail: sandhindsa{at}yahoo.com
It is known that type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with hypogonadism in male subjects (1,2). Free testosterone concentrations are negatively related with BMI in type 2 diabetic patients (1,3). However, the relationship of free testosterone with adipose tissue mass and lean body mass in diabetic patients is not well described. Studies examining this relationship have been limited by the fact that they have not measured free testosterone by a reliable method such as equilibrium dialysis (4).
Therefore, we decided to study the body composition of hypogonadal and eugonadal type 2 diabetic patients by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to measure subcutaneous adipose tissue, lean body mass, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—
The study was conducted in two endocrinology practices in Midland, Texas, and Buffalo, New York. It is our practice to screen all diabetic patients for hypogonadism, due to the high prevalence of hypogonadism in diabetic patients. We also routinely evaluate body composition of our diabetic patients by DEXA (done at no cost to our patients). Therefore, informed consent was not obtained.
Data from 164 consecutive male diabetic patients who presented to the endocrinology clinic were prospectively collected for the study. Patients with known history of hypogonadism; panhypopituitarism; a chronic debilitating disease such as renal failure, cirrhosis, HIV, back or hip surgery; or treatment with steroids, bisphosphonates, or recombinant parathyroid hormone were …
