Prevalence of Depression Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes
Findings from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
- Chaoyang Li, MD, PHD,
- Earl S. Ford, MD, MPH,
- Tara W. Strine, MPH and
- Ali H. Mokdad, PHD
- From the Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Li, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy., MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341. Email: cli{at}cdc.gov
Abstract
OBJECTIVE—To estimate the prevalence rate of depression among adults with diabetes using a large population-based sample in the U.S.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a standardized telephone survey among U.S. adults aged ≥18 years, were analyzed (n = 18,814). The Patient Health Questionnaire diagnostic algorithm was used to identify major depression.
RESULTS—The age-adjusted prevalence rate of major depression was 8.3% (95% CI 7.3–9.3), ranging from a low of 2.0% in Connecticut to a high of 28.8% in Alaska. There were 25-fold differences in the rate among racial/ethnic subgroups (lowest, 1.1% among Asians; highest, 27.8% among American Indians/Alaska Natives). People with type 2 diabetes who were currently using insulin had a higher rate than people with type 1 diabetes (P = 0.0009) and those with type 2 diabetes who were currently not using insulin (P = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS—Major depression was highly prevalent among people with diabetes; the prevalence rate varied greatly by demographic characteristics and diabetes types.
- BRFSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
- CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview
- SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders
- PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire
Footnotes
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Published ahead of print at http://care.diabetesjournals.org on 12 October 2007. DOI: 10.2337/dc07-1154.
Additional information for this article can be found in an online appendix at http://care.diabetesjournals.org.
A table elsewhere in this issue shows conventional and Système International (SI) units and conversion factors for many substances.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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- Accepted October 10, 2007.
- Received June 18, 2007.
- DIABETES CARE
