Type 2 Diabetes Without the Atherogenic Metabolic Triad Does Not Predict Angiographically Assessed Coronary Artery Disease in Women
- Patricia Blackburn, MSC1234,
- Isabelle Lemieux, PHD1,
- Benoît Lamarche, PHD, FAHA35,
- Jean Bergeron, MD6,
- Patrice Perron, MD4,
- Gérald Tremblay, MD4,
- Daniel Gaudet, MD47 and
- Jean-Pierre Després, PHD, FAHA18
- 1Québec Heart Institute, Hôpital Laval Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada
- 2Division of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
- 3Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- 4Chicoutimi Hospital Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi University Hospital, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
- 5Institute on Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- 6Lipid Research Centre, CHUL Research Centre, Québec, Québec, Canada
- 7Community Genomic Medicine Centre, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- 8Division of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Jean-Pierre Després, PhD, FAHA, Director of Research, Québec Heart Institute, Hôpital Laval Research Centre, 2725, chemin Ste-Foy, Pavilion Marguerite-D'Youville, 4th Floor, Québec (Québec) Canada G1V4G5. E-mail: jean-pierre.despres{at}crhl.ulaval.ca
Evidence suggests that the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk of type 2 diabetes is heterogeneous and affected by the presence/absence of the metabolic syndrome (1). We have previously reported that specific features of the metabolic syndrome (atherogenic metabolic triad) were associated with a 20-fold increase in the risk of developing CHD (2). Considering the costs and lack of standardization of these indexes in clinical practice, we have suggested that the simultaneous measurement and interpretation of waist circumference and fasting triglyceride levels were useful in identifying individuals with the atherogenic metabolic triad and therefore at increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) (3). The main objective of the present study was to compare the risk of CAD between nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic women with/without features of the atherogenic metabolic triad.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 250 women (56.2 ± 9.1 years) who underwent an angiographic procedure for the investigation of retrosternal pain. Subjects were French Canadians of European origin (Caucasians). Inform written consent was obtained and the study approved by the Chicoutimi Hospital Ethics Committee. CAD was assessed by angiography (4). Anthropometric measurements were performed following standardized techniques (5). Fasting lipid profile, glycemia, and LDL particle size (6–8) were determined according to routine methods. Homeostasis model assessment was used to estimate insulin resistance (fasting insulin × fasting glucose)/22.5 (9 …
