Effect of a Low–Resource-Intensive Lifestyle Modification Program Incorporating Gymnasium-Based and Home-Based Resistance Training on Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Australian Adults

  1. Warren R. Payne, PHD1,
  2. Kerry J. Walsh, BED(PE)2,
  3. Jack T. Harvey, PHD1,
  4. Michelle F. Livy, MNUTRDIET2,
  5. Kylie J. McKenzie, MPSYCH(CLIN)2,
  6. Alex Donaldson, DHSC1,
  7. Meredith G. Atkinson, MPH2,
  8. Jennifer B. Keogh, PHD3,
  9. Robert S. Moss, DPSYCH2,
  10. David W. Dunstan, PHD4 and
  11. Wendy A. Hubbard, MAPPSCI2
  1. 1University of Ballarat, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
  2. 2Ballarat Health Services, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
  3. 3CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
  4. 4International Diabetes Institute, Caulfield, Victoria, Australia
  1. Corresponding author: Warren R. Payne, w.payne{at}ballarat.edu.au

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a low–resource-intensive lifestyle modification program incorporating resistance training and to compare a gymnasium-based with a home-based resistance training program on diabetes diagnosis status and risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A quasi-experimental two-group study was undertaken with 122 participants with diabetes risk factors; 36.9% had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at baseline. The intervention included a 6-week group self-management education program, a gymnasium-based or home-based 12-week resistance training program, and a 34-week maintenance program. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure, body composition, physical activity, and diet were assessed at baseline and week 52.

RESULTS—Mean 2-h plasma glucose and FPG fell by 0.34 mmol/l (95% CI −0.60 to −0.08) and 0.15 mmol/l (−0.23 to −0.07), respectively. The proportion of participants with IFG or IGT decreased from 36.9 to 23.0% (P = 0.006). Mean weight loss was 4.07 kg (−4.99 to −3.15). The only significant difference between resistance training groups was a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure for the gymnasium-based group (P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS—This intervention significantly improved diabetes diagnostic status and reduced diabetes risk to a degree comparable to that of other low–resource-intensive lifestyle modification programs and more intensive interventions applied to individuals with IGT. The effects of home-based and gymnasium-based resistance training did not differ significantly.

Footnotes

  • Published ahead of print at http://care.diabetesjournals.org on 16 September 2008.

    Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.

    The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

    • Accepted September 2, 2008.
    • Received May 30, 2008.
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  1. Published online before print September 16, 2008, doi: 10.2337/dc08-0152 Diabetes Care December 2008 vol. 31 no. 12 2244-2250
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