Effect of Parental Type 2 Diabetes on Offspring With Type 1 Diabetes

  1. Lena M. Thorn, MD12,
  2. Carol Forsblom, MD, DMSC12,
  3. Johan Wadén, MD12,
  4. Jenny Söderlund, MSC1,
  5. Milla Rosengård-Bärlund, MD12,
  6. Markku Saraheimo, MD12,
  7. Outi Heikkilä, MD12,
  8. Kustaa Hietala, MD12,
  9. Kim Pettersson-Fernholm, MD, DMSC2,
  10. Jorma Ilonen, MD, DMSC34,
  11. Per-Henrik Groop, MD, DMSC12 and
  12. on behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group
  1. 1Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  2. 2Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  3. 3Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
  4. 4Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
  1. Corresponding author: Per-Henrik Groop, per-henrik.groop{at}helsinki.fi

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to study the association between a parental history of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic profile as well as the presence of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes complications in patients with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a cross-sectional study design in 1,860 patients with type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study (620 patients with and 1,240 age-matched patients without a parental history of type 2 diabetes). Information on parental history was received from the type 1 diabetic offspring by a standardized questionnaire.

RESULTS—Patients with type 1 diabetes and a positive parental history of type 2 diabetes had a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (44 vs. 38%; P = 0.013) and a metabolic profile related to insulin resistance (higher BMI, larger waist circumference, and higher triglycerides, A1C, and insulin dose per kilogram) and also had a later onset of type 1 diabetes (17.2 ± 9.2 vs. 16.1 ± 8.9 years; P = 0.008), which was also confirmed in the publicly available Diabetes Control and Complications Trial data set. In contrast, no association was observed with blood pressure, diabetes complications, or HLA genotype distribution. Parental history of type 2 diabetes was independently associated with age at onset of type 1 diabetes (odds ratio 1.02 [95% CI 1.01–1.03]), BMI (1.07 [1.02–1.12]), triglycerides (1.18 [1.03–1.35]), and insulin dose per kilogram (1.63 [1.04–2.54]).

CONCLUSIONS—Parental history of type 2 diabetes is associated with a later onset of type 1 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and a metabolic profile related to insulin resistance.

Footnotes

  • Published ahead of print at http://care.diabetesjournals.org on 3 October 2008.

    Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.

    The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

    • Accepted September 22, 2008.
    • Received March 6, 2008.
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  1. Published online before print October 3, 2008, doi: 10.2337/dc08-0472 Diabetes Care January 2009 vol. 32 no. 1 63-68
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