Association Among Acrylamide, Blood Insulin, and Insulin Resistance in Adults
- Chien-Yu Lin, MD, MPH1,2,3,
- Yu-Chuan Lin, MD2,4,
- Hsu-Ko Kuo, MD, MPH5,
- Juey-Jen Hwang, MD, PHD5,
- Jiunn-Lee Lin, MD, PHD5,
- Pau-Chung Chen, MD, PHD2 and
- Lian-Yu Lin, MD, PHD5
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei County, Taiwan;
- 2Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan;
- 3School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei County, Taiwan;
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan;
- 5Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Corresponding authors: Lian-Yu Lin, hspenos{at}yahoo.com.tw, and Pau-Chung Chen, pchen{at}ntu.edu.tw.
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C.-Y.L. and Y.-C.L. contributed equally to this study.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to acrylamide in foodstuffs and smoking has become a worldwide concern. The effect of acrylamide on glucose homeostasis is not known. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that trace acrylamide exposure might be independently associated with both reduced blood insulin and reduced insulin resistance.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined 1,356 participants with reliable measures of glucose homeostasis and Hb adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and glycidamide from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2004. Glucose homeostasis was assessed by the measurement of plasma glucose, serum insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
RESULTS In a linear regression model, a 1-unit increase in log HbAA was associated with a decrease in serum insulin (β coefficient = −0.20 ± 0.05, P = 0.001) and HOMA-IR (β coefficient = −0.23 ± 0.05, P < 0.001). After HbAA concentrations were divided into quartiles in the fully adjusted models, the adjusted serum insulin level and HOMA-IR significantly decreased across quartiles of HbAA (Ptrend < 0.001 for both). In subgroup analysis, the association of HbAA levels with HOMA-IR and insulin levels was stronger in subjects who were white or had ever smoked or in subjects with a lower education level or a BMI <25 or >30 kg/m2.
CONCLUSIONS Acrylamide is associated with reduced serum insulin levels in adults. Further clinical and animal studies are warranted to clarify the putative causal relationship.
Footnotes
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The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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- Received February 17, 2009.
- Accepted August 26, 2009.
- © 2009 by the American Diabetes Association.
