Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and All-Cause Mortality Among Men With Type 2 Diabetes
- Weili Zhang, MD, PHD1,2,
- Esther Lopez-Garcia, PHD1,3,
- Tricia Y. Li, MD1,
- Frank B. Hu, MD, PHD1,4,5 and
- Rob M. van Dam, PHD1,5
- 1Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;
- 2Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, FuWai Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China;
- 3Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain;
- 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;
- 5Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Corresponding author: Rob M. van Dam, rvandam{at}hsph.harvard.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coffee consumption has been linked to detrimental acute metabolic and hemodynamic effects. We investigated coffee consumption in relation to risk of CVDs and mortality in diabetic men.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study including 3,497 diabetic men without CVD at baseline.
RESULTS After adjustment for age, smoking, and other cardiovascular risk factors, relative risks (RRs) were 0.88 (95% CI 0.50–1.57) for CVDs (P for trend = 0.29) and 0.80 (0.41–1.54) for all-cause mortality (P for trend = 0.45) for the consumption of ≥4 cups/day of caffeinated coffee compared with those for non–coffee drinkers. Stratification by smoking and duration of diabetes yielded similar results. RRs for caffeine intake for the highest compared with the lowest quintile were 1.02 (0.70–1.47; P for trend = 0.96) for CVDs and 0.96 (0.64–1.44; P for trend = 0.69) for mortality.
CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that regular coffee consumption is not associated with increased risk for CVDs or mortality in diabetic men.
Footnotes
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The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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- Received December 16, 2008.
- Accepted February 14, 2009.
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Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.
- © 2009 by the American Diabetes Association.
